LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE: Term 2 Study Material

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA MALKAPURAM

BHUBANESWAR REGION

STUDY MATERIAL

CLASS X

Term – II

2016-2017

Prepared by - Ms. Smruti Palo, TGT(English)	Chief Patron Dr.D.Vijaya PRINCIPAL
Published by : K V MALKAPURAM

PREFACE

Study material for class X is a comprehensive book designed to prepare the students of class X of Kendriya Vidyalaya for SA-1 exam. This material is based strictly on the latest Secondary School Curriculum issued by the CBSE, New Delhi. This material contains a plethora of both solved and unsolved questions on all questions – Reading, Writing, Grammar and Literature. The book is designed section – wise and each section has separate specifications along with marking scheme patterns.

The Reading Section contains factual, literary and discursive passages selected from different subjects of interest. The solved and the unsolved passages along with specifications and tips help the students develop reading skills and word attack techniques.

In writing section, ample exercises have been given for practice. The model answers for writing tasks provides the students with clues as how to write relevant answers.

The grammar sections focuses on all important grammatical/items that are specified for the examination. It contains items specifically on tenses, reported speech and active passive voice. It also provides independent exercises along with integrated exercises to make the students familiar with the structural items and grammar usage.

The Literature Section contains extracts from the lesson to give an in-depth explanation of the story.This will help the students to understand the lessons thoroughly.

This study material will be immensely useful to the students in preparing thoroughly for the examination. The practice questions will surely boost the confidence of the student.

We wish the students great success.

CONTENTS

1. Outline of syllabus and pattern of question paper.

2. SECTION A (READING)

· Solved passages (2) 8 marks

· Unsolved passages (3) 8 marks

· Solved passages (2) 12 marks

· Unsolved passages (3) 12 marks

3. SECTION B (WRITING AND GRAMMAR)

· Article writing

ü Solved exercise

ü Unsolved exercise

· Letter writing

ü Solved exercise

ü Unsolved exercise

· Report writing

ü Solved exercise

· Story writing

ü Solved exercise

ü Unsolved exercise

· Revision of tenses

ü Solved exercise

ü Unsolved exercise

· Reported speech

ü Solved exercise

ü Unsolved exercise

· Active and Passive voice

ü Solved exercise

ü Unsolved exercise

· Integrated grammar practice

ü Editing

v Solved exercise

v Unsolved exercise

ü Fill in the blanks

v Solved exercise

v Unsolved exercise

ü Reordering of jumbled words

v Solved exercise

v Unsolved exercise

4. SECTION C (LITERATURE)

· Fiction

· Poetry

· Drama

5. SOLVED SAMPLE PAPER

6. UNSOLVED SAMPLE PAPER

TERM - II SYLLABUS

LITERATURE

§ A Shady Plot

§ Patol Babu, Film Star

§ Virtually True

POETRY

§ Ozymandias

§ The Rime Of The Ancient Mariner

§ Snake

DRAMA

§ Julius Caesar

MAIN COURSE BOOK

§ Environment

§ Travel And Tourism

§ National Integration

The Story of My Life (HELEN KELLER)

CHAPTER -- 15-28

Pattern of Question Paper

2016-17 (SA-1)

Section		Total weight-age 90
A	Reading skills	20
B	Writing skills with grammar	25
C	Literature textbook and long reading text	25
D	Assessment of speaking and listening (ASL)	20
	Total	90

Section A (Reading) -20 M

1. Literary passage - 8M

2. Discursive passage -12 M

Section B (Writing & Grammar) – 25M

3. Letter to Editor / article for 100-120 words – 5M

4. Short story with outline or clues 150-200 words - 10M

5. Gap filling with prepositions, articles, conjunction, and

tenses - 3M

6. Editing or omission - 4M

7. Sentence reordering - 3M

Section C (literature & Novel) – 25m

8. Extract from prose/poem/play - 3M

9. Four short questions - 2X4= 8M

10. One long question - 4M

11. Very long question (novel) 150-200 words - 10M

Section – A

1. Read the following passage carefully: 8M

Airbus Crisis Over

Airbus says it has turned the corner after a crisis connected to production problems and turmoil in the boardroom at its A380 super-jumbo project that has gone on for the past year. Speaking at the Paris air show, Louis Gallois, CEO of the European plane maker, said, "Airbus is back."

Airbus, which announced a raft of orders on the first day of the show, is competing with Boeing, its American rival, for the title of the largest plane maker in the world.

Boeing is expected to reveal the numbers of orders for its 787 Dream liner soon. Airbus orders unveiled on Monday included Qatar Airways confirming a $16bn order for 80 A350 Airbus planes and ordering three A380 super-jumbos for about $750m.

Boeing and Airbus are also competing for orders from aircraft leasing firms. Orders from these companies - who rank highly among the biggest global buyers of aircraft - are often regarded as an indication of how successful a model will be in the long term. Airbus also secured orders from US Airways that are worth $10bn for 22 of its A350 jets, 60 A320s and ten of its A330-200 wide-body planes.

A few months ago, Airbus unveiled a major cost-cutting programme aiming to reduce the workforce in Europe by 10,000, as well as announcing a group restructuring. "I can tell you with full confidence that Airbus is back and fully back, as you have started noting yesterday as demonstrated by our first day announcements," said Mr Gallois on the second day of the air show. However, Boeing also announced a deal with General Electric (GE) on the show's first day. GE's commercial aviation services placed an order for six 777 Boeing freighters valued at around $1.4bn, to be delivered in the last quarter of 2008.

A Wall Street Journal website report, quoting the Delta operating chief yesterday said that Delta Air Lines were on the verge of ordering as many as 125 Boeing 787 jetliners by the end of this year. However, a spokesman for Delta later said that it had been having conversations "with several aircraft makers" and that "no final decision" had been made on future fleet purchases.

a) The problems at Airbus

i) have been resolved completely.

ii) are well on their way to being sorted out.

iii) are far from resolved.

iv) will never be resolved

b) Airbus announced

i) a large number of orders on the first day of the show.

ii) some orders on the first day of the show.

iii) a few orders on the first day of the show.

iv) that Boeing is the largest airplane maker of the world

c) Qatar Airways ordered

i) 83 planes on Monday.

ii) 80 planes on Monday.

iii) 3 planes on Monday.

iv) 100 planes on Monday

d) US Airways

i) placed an order for the new super-jumbo.

ii) didn't place an order for the new super-jumbo.

iii) may have placed an order for the new super-jumbo.

iv) placed orders worth $1 bn

e) Boeing

i) announced sales of the Dreamliner.

ii) may sell some Dreamliners to General Electric.

iii) may sell some Dreamliners to Delta Air Lines.

iv) may sell Boeing 777

f) Airbus is actually ______________

i) an aircraft

ii) a chopper

iii) a parachute

iv) an airline

g) the competitors for the leasing firm were

i) jetline and airbus

ii) jetline and boeing

iii) boeing and airbus

iv) delta and boeing

h) the introduction of airbus

i) reduced workforce by 10,000

ii) increased workforce by 10,000

iii) reduced the workforce by 20,000

iv) increased workforce by 20,000

ANSWERS

a) (i) have been resolved completely

b) (i) a large number of orders on the first day of the show

c) (i) 83 planes on Monday

d) (ii) didn’t place an order for the new super-jumbo

e) (iv) may sell Boeing 777

f) (I) an aircraft

g) (iii) Boeing and airbus

h) (i) reduced the workforce by 10,000

2. Read the following passage carefully: 8M

Reality Television

Reality television is a genre of television programming which, it is claimed, presents unscripted dramatic or humorous situations, documents actual events, and features ordinary people rather than professional actors. It could be described as a form of artificial or "heightened" documentary. Although the genre has existed in some form or another since the early years of television, the current explosion of popularity dates from around 2000.

Reality television covers a wide range of television programming formats, from game or quiz shows which resemble the frantic, often demeaning programmes produced in Japan in the 1980s and 1990s (a modern example is Gaki no tsukai), to surveillance- or voyeurism- focused productions such as Big Brother.

Critics say that the term "reality television" is somewhat of a misnomer and that such shows frequently portray a modified and highly influenced form of reality, with participants put in exotic locations or abnormal situations, sometimes coached to act in certain ways by off-screen handlers, and with events on screen manipulated through editing and other post-production techniques.

Part of reality television's appeal is due to its ability to place ordinary people in extraordinary situations. For example, on the ABC show, The Bachelor, an eligible male dates a dozen women simultaneously, travelling on extraordinary dates to scenic locales. Reality television also has the potential to turn its participants into national celebrities, outwardly in talent and performance programs such as Pop Idol, though frequently Survivor and Big Brother participants also reach some degree of celebrity.

Some commentators have said that the name "reality television" is an inaccurate description for several styles of program included in the genre. In competition-based programs such as Big Brother and Survivor, and other special-living-environment shows like The Real World, the producers design the format of the show and control the day-to-day activities and the environment, creating a completely fabricated world in which the competition plays out. Producers specifically select the participants, and use carefully designed scenarios, challenges, events, and settings to encourage particular behaviours and conflicts. Mark Burnett, creator of Survivor and other reality shows, has agreed with this assessment, and avoids the word "reality" to describe his shows; he has said, "I tell good stories. It really is not reality TV. It really is unscripted drama."

a) In the first line, the writer says 'it is claimed' it means.

b) When has reality television become popular?

c) What is Japan popular for?

d) Why have People criticised reality television ?

e) Why does reality TV appeal to some ?

f) Mention a few reality shows.

g) What kind of world is created in reality TV?

h) Why are the producers very selective?

ANSWERS

a) everyone agrees with the statement

b) has been popular since around 2000

c) has produced demeaning TV shows copied from elsewhere

d) the name is inaccurate

e) it can turn ordinary people into celebrities

f) Big Brother and Survivor.

g) A completely fabricated world is created.

h) To encourage particular behaviour.

3. Read the following passage carefully: 8 M

Sports are increasingly becoming a bigger and more diverse business. For many years major players of the associations like the Indian Premier League and the National Basketball Association, have taken home extremely high salaries. However, there are many clubs, leagues and organizations, which also employ thousands of people to work in sports related areas, like management, marketing and even event planning. Financial success on sports is no longer just limited to the pitch, field, or court but has expanded to include other lucrative fields. One of the best openings currently, is in the arena of sports management and people are now realizing that there is business in brokering sponsorship deals, or developing innovative ways to increase the number of spectators.

There is an increasing global demand for motivated and well-qualified sports professionals who can demonstrate an understanding of the economic benefits that well-managed and professionally managed clubs and associates can bring about. A sports manager needs to be trained to think across a number of disciplines. A manager may also have to manage sports stars, co-ordinate with other professionals like physio trainers, physiotherapists, or public relations managers.

Expertise in business management and sports engineering has attracted universities in the UK. This interest has developed as a result of close-working relationships with industry and educational sporting business and sports promoting associations. This has proved to be a blessing for students aiming to work in the highest levels of sports management, to gain strong international awareness and experience. Students also get a chance to volunteer at global sporting events including the Olympics, held in different parts of the world.

The job involves branding and sponsorship both inside the stadium as well as outside. This opportunity is open to graduate in sports business from universities in India and abroad. The job also opens up possibilities of bringing top level Olympic athletes to the sports institute for training and to procure sponsorship.

Q. Answer the following questions briefly.

(a) Which category of Indian sports command high salaries?

(b) What are the areas of work related to the business of sports management?

(d) How has the interest in sports management developed?

(e) What benefits accrue to the students taking this course?

(f) What does working as a sports manager involve?

(g) Who are eligible for this course?

(h) Why should top level Olympic sportsmen be lure into coming to India?

4. Read the following passage carefully: 8M

The Hardayal Municipal Library was started 150 years ago, in 1862 from a modest beginning as book club for British officers in the heart of Old Delhi, at the Lawrence Institute in the Town Hall. In 1912 it was shifted to KachchaBagh and renamed Hardinge Municipal Library as a tribute to the then Viceroy Lord Hardinge. In 1970, by a quirk of fate, or perhaps due to a non-historian name giver, its nomenclature was altered to the Hardayal Municipal Library establishing a vicarious relationship between the two, for as a freedom fighter Hardayal had carried out an assassination attempt on the Lord Hardinge which the Viceroy had survived. Today, the Library is funded by the Municipal Corporation of Delhi and its concerns have shifted from naming of the library to thatof funding for the upkeep of the place.

Though the rusty fans and the shelves of books that seem to be touched by human hands for decades, the books hold a nostalgic delight for any blue-blood bibliophile. According to the authorities there are over 6200 rare books in its stock the oldest of them dating back to 1634, Titled ‘A Relation of Some years’ by TravailleBegvenne. Another gold mine is Sir WalterRaleigh’s History of World’. In addition, there is an 1828 edition of Charles Steward’s ‘Tajkeera-Al-Vakyat’ and a copy of the Mahabharat in Persian by Abdul Raizi. Besides these rare gems there are over 20.000 books in the major Indian languages as well as Persian and Sanskrit.

Despite this rosy picture, the ground realities are stark. The staff members of the library have not received their salaries for the last eight months. The severe fund crunch has even hit the acquisition plans for new titles. But better days are in the offing according to a civic body official, as a five-crore redevelopment plan for the library has been forwarded to the government and a decision on it awaited.

Q. Answer the following questions briefly.

(a) When was the Hardayal Municipal Library founded?

(b) What name was given to the library in 1912 and why?

(d) What are the main concerns of the library today?

(e) What is meant by the term ‘blue-blood bibliophile’

(f) Name the oldest title to be found in the library?

(g) Why is the library likely to face better days?

(h) What is the current condition of the building?

5. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: 8M

Is the internet somehow responsible for reducing our collective intelligence? Web giant Google, standing in for the internet in general, has been accused of everything from killing critical thinking to ruining mode imagination. Article in a leading American magazine has gone so far as to suggest that the internet is ‘flattening’ our intelligence by leaving us unable to read offline. So, do these doomsayers have a point? Has the so called information revolution mortally wounded mankind’s ability to think critically?

We think not. It is hard to think of a technology that did not inspire fear when it was introduced. Socrates feared the impact that writing would have on the way people thought. Recent commentators have shown a lucide attitude towards the internet in much the same way the people once protested against the book. When the book became indispensable to our intellectual pursuit, television was—and sometimes still is—characterised as as the ‘idiot box’. And now that the internet has become so much a part of the fabric of our lives, reactions to it have got stronger.

That the internet has made so much information easily accessible to us short a time has meant that we have developed the capacity to absorb information at a speed undreamt of in history. This process is bound to affect our reading habit. While on paper, the reader must focus on the author’s vision for a sustained period of time, on the internet she/he is free to skip around and compose her/his own narrative structure, reading a paragraph here or there. Perhaps it is true that more people are getting their information online, at the expense of reading offline. This is not a bad thing, however. The internet makes us develop different kinds of skills, such as locating information quickly and corroborating that information from other source. These skills can be just as demanding as wading through a 400-pages book.

The mistake that critics of the internet make is in regarding it as something of a frankenstein’s monster, a creation of mankind that has already spun out of control and will come back to haunt him. But this is hardly accurate. When any civilisation comes into contact with anew technology, it changes in profound and unexpected ways. That’s happened before and will happen again.

(a) How has Google harmed the young people?

(b) Why did people initially protest against books?

(d) Which skills are developed by the internet? How?

(e) Why do critics feel that the internet is like frankenstein’s monster?

(f) What makes the skill of locating information more demanding?

(g) Find out a word from the passage which means the same as ‘extremely important and necessary’.

(h) find out a word from the passage opposite to the word ‘unattainable’.

1. Read the following passage carefully. 12 M

1. Unlike the proverbial elephants, babies always forget. Infant memories may be wiped clean by the genesis of new brain cells, a study on rodents suggests .the finding offer an explanation for why people can’ t recall memories from early childhood . inspired by their own children , Josselyn and her husband and co-author of the finding Paul Frankland wondered why children could not retain memories of situations or events

2. Scientists initially thought memories were rooted in language because kids typically start making long-term memories around the time when they start speaking. This memories such as what a person ate for dinner , involve the hippocampus . This cell making factory is the only part of the brain that normally cranks out new neurons which scientist believe help make memories

3. Josselyn and Frankland knew that such cell production tapers off in childhood. Josselyn wanted to find out whether youngsters’recollection were somehow tied to brain cell formation. So the team turned to mice .they found that as mice age, the birth rate of neurons slows down . This drop-off matches the rodents’ ability to remember scary situation.

4. The presenters placed adult mice in a chamber different from their homes,which had strips on the walls and a vinegar smell. In these new chambers they buzzed the animals with mild foot shocks. The mice learnt to fear the room and 28 days later, would freeze up when put in the chamber .Infant mice were more forgetful.

5. Next, the researches boosted neuron production or neurogenesis in adult mice. They shocked adult mice in the striped room and then let them exercise on running wheels for day or weeks, as running triggers the growth of new brain cells in the hippocampus . A few racing round the wheels help the mice forget their fear

6. The findings gave a new twist to the role of the neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Instead of merely making memories. Spawning brain cell could help animals forget. Josselyn thinks that the new brain cell could be messing of up brain circuits laid down in pre-existing neurons .Memories made using old links may be hard to call to mind when new links take over , she suggests.

1. Answer the following questions in about 30-40 words.

(a) What is unique about babies’ memories according to the recent scientific studies?

(b) What is hippocampus ?How does it affect memory?

(d) What theories emerged about the role ofneurogenisis after the running around exercise ?

2. Read the following and write the options you consider the most appropriate in your answer sheet

(a) A word meaning fixed in the test is ………….

(1)rooted (2)contained (3)spawning (4) links

(b) A high drama of robbery reaching its end is said to…………………….

(1) memories (2) taper off (3) use old links (4) drop off

(1) Spawning (2) running (3) boosted (4) Triggers

(d) The term used in the passage to describe meddling with things is……

(1) organising things (2) messing up (3) buzzing (4) drop off

Answers

1 (a)According to the scientist study it is found that infant memories may be wiped clean by genesis of new brain cell. This conclusion was reached by a study on rodents where findings showed why people can’t recall memories from early childhood

(b) The hippocampus is the cell making factory of the brain, and cranks out new neurons which scientist believe help make memories. As long term memories coincide with the time kids learn languages , the hippocampus Is behind language learning too .

(c) Scientist shocked adult mice in their original room and then let them exercise on running wheels for days or weeks . The running triggered the growth of new brain cells in the hippocampus and racing around helped the mice forget their fear.

(d) This exercise established that apart from making memories neurongenisis could help animals forget . The new brain cells could be messing up brain circuits laid down in pre existingneurons ,making it hard to call to mind , when new links take over

2 (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 2

2. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: 12M

Illegal hunting in tiger reserves or any attempt to encroach on reserve lands in the country could soon incur a jail term of not less than seven years and a fine of up to Rs.50 lakhs. Further, poachers having a second run-in with the law could be up for stiffer punishment as a deterrent.

These are some of the clauses in the amendments proposed to the Wildlife Protection Act by the Union Environment and Forests Ministry. The amendments, if cleared by Parliament, will raise penalties for all contraventions of the legistation, besides bringing in a slew of other key changes in the wildlife management, aimed at empowering the Forest Department and channelizing wildlife research.

According to the amendments proposed, offences relating to animals listed endangered or critical could now incur a jail term of not less than five years, compared to the one-year jail term at present. The fine that can be imposed in such cases will be a minimum of Rs. 5 lakhs as compared to the upper ceiling of Rs. 25,000 imposed earlier.

Known poachers could be in for more trouble as a second offence will attract a jail term of not less than 7 years. They could also be fined upto Rs. 25 lakhs.

While some wildlife enthusiasts have been keen on such stiff penalties to deter criminals, the demand has been tampered by critiques pointing out the abysmally low conviction rate in such cases – roughly about 1%. To ensure more criminals are brought to book, the proposed legislation empowers the judge or magistrate to allow detention of the accused in the custody of the Forest Department for up to seven days to facilitate investigations.

Tribal rights advocacy groups, however, have warned of how stringent clauses of the Forest and Wildlife Act and policing powers handed to the Forest Department have been disproportionately used against poor forest-dwellers and tribals as a form of intimidation. The new amendments do intend to reduce some pressure on forest-dwellers by allowing them access to drinking and other household water sources within sanctuaries and parks – a basic necessity that was not provided for earlier.

The proposed changes also seek to empower the Forest Department to take on criminals more effectively. Along with tightening the noose around poachers, it demands the same penalty for those abetting the crime, Anyone providing a room to an alleged poacher to carry the animal, for instance, will be prosecuted for the same penalties as the poacher himself. This proposal, again, holds strong potential of being misused against poorer triblas, forest-dwellers and small-time poachers instead of craching down on the organized poaching network that operates across borders.

The amendment bill also looks at wildlife research, attempting to systemize the process of granting rights to researchers. The adhoc mechanism prevailing at present, leaving research organizations at the mercy of officers in the field, could now possibly come to an end once the bill is approved.

a) What is the punishment for illegal hunting in tiger reserves? (2x4=8)

b) Why is there severe penalty for offences towards endangered species?

c) How does the new amendment help the poor people living in the forests?

d) How does the new amendment promote research work on wildlife?

e) Choose the appropriate answer:

1. Identify the word which means the same as ‘trespass’.

(i) poachers (ii) deterrent (iii) encroach (iv) incur

2. Find out a word which is the opposite of ‘reward’.

i) award (ii) legislation (iii) proposed (iv) penalty

3. The word ‘poacher’ means a person who:

(i) lives with the animals (ii) uses animals for entertainment

(iii) eats the flesh of animals (iv) steals or kills animals illegally

4.Which of the following words mean the same as ‘to hold a trial against an accused’?

(i) amendment (ii) legislation (iii) offenses (iv) prosecuted

3. Read the passage carefully and answer the following. 12 M

It was still a busy hour in the city when I entered market road. People ran for their lives at the sight of me. As I progressed through, shutters were pulled down, and people hid themselves under culverts, on trees and behind pillars. The population was melting out of sight. At the circus I have no chance to study human behaviour.

Outside the circus ring they sat in their seats placidly while I cowered before captain’s whip. I had a totally wrong notion of human beings at that angle. I had thought that they were sturdy and fearless. But now I found them fleeing before me like a heard of deer, although I had no intention of attacking them. When I passed in front of a tailor’s shop, he abandoned his machine and shut himself in a cupboard shouting “Alas ! I am undone, would someone shoot that tiger,?” a prisoner between constables, who had been caught for murder and just was emerging from the court house, got his chance to escape when the constables fled, abandoning him with his handcuff. I tore a horse from its jutka and enjoyed the sight of the passengers splitting out of it and running for their lives. A couple of street dogs invited destruction when they barked madly, instead of minding their business.

Later I learnt from my master of the chaos that befell the city when it became known that captain had been destroyed and that I was somewhere in the city. Sheer hopelessness seemed to have seized the town’s people. They withdrew to their homes, bolted the doors, rather sealed them. Some even thought I was some extraordinary creature who might pass through the walls and lie in wait on the roof or in the loft or basement. Poor people living in hut had real cause to worry. I could have taken any of their homes apart. But why should I? one could understand their fears, but why should I? One would understand their fears those living in brick and cement feel nervous? Why should an ordinary simple tiger have any interest in them either to destroy or to safeguard.

To the great delight of children, schools were hurriedly closed. Children of all ages and sizes were running helter – skelter, screaming joyously, “No school, no school, Tiger, Tiger!” They were shouting and laughing and even enjoyed being scared. They seemed to welcome me.

1.1 On the basis of your reading complete the following sentences.

1. At the circus human beings are not afraid of the tiger because ________ __________________________________________________________.

2. When the tiger came out in the open ___________________________.

3. The tiger thought that humans were ____________________________ _________________ proved to be cowards feeling on seeing the tiger.

4. The captain had been _________________________________ as a result of which here _______________________________________.

1.2 Answer the following. 4 M

1. Why did the people of the town withdraw into their homes?

2. Why were the children happy

1.3 Find the words from the passage which means the same as given

1. quietly, passively

2. running away

3. to bend down

4. complete disorder

4. Read the following and answer the questions 12M

VERY FORTUNATE, VERY EXCITED!

The mission began for kalpanaChawla and the six crew on STS – 107 with about three hours of waiting on their backs in awkward orange spacesuits .On the launch pad, 190ft in the air strapped on top of four and a half million pounds of explosive fuel. There’s not much to do until about nine minutes before take off, which leaves plenty of time to be afraid.

Within an hour of reaching orbit the crew climbed out of the spacesuits and got into something more comfortable – perhaps shorts, T- Shirts and socks. They got used to weightlessness, pushing off a wall and floating to where they needed to go . They remembered to clamp off the straw after drinking something. If they forgot a bubble of juice would float around until they sucked it in or wiped it up midair with towel.

On the 16^th day, the STS – 107 crew did routine tests of auxiliary powers units, getting ready for re-entry. Florida weather forecast predicted an excellent Saturday. At 8:15 a.m. local time on its 255^th journey round the planet Columbia turned tail-first and fired its thrusters, breaking its speed and dropping towards the earth. Inside the space craft, the crew felt a slight jolt, like a subway train leaving the station.

They took seats and strapped themselves for re-entry. The spacecraft turned nose first again. The crew was dropping ever faster into a thickening atmosphere so fast that they saw the air out side the windows turned into electrically charged ions ----a bright yellow plasma cloud turning to white as the tiled under surface of the shuttle neared 2,800’o F. The instruments reported a glitch of some sort, something to do with the temperatures, tyre pressures. Mission control said, “Columbia, Houston. We see your tyre pressure message and we do not copy you last.”

“Roger,” Columbia commander Rick Husband said, “B-”. Then nothing more. It was sixteen minutes before the scheduled landing. In that time Columbia was supposed to have slowed to subsonic speeds near touchdown, and Husband would have taken the controls for the final back turn and glided Columbia onto the runway.

But the Columbia passed through the cloud, over Arizona and New Mexico, falling towards earth- a brilliant light, striking through a clear blue Texas morning.

a. On the basis of your reading complete the following sentences. 4M

1. KalpanaChawala and the six crew members on STS-107 had to wait_________________________________________________.

2. The crew got into something more comfortable _________________ _____________________________________ after reaching the orbit.

3. They remembered to clamp off the straw. If they forgot ___________ _______________________________________________________.

4. Inside the space craft the crew felt ____________________________ ________________________________________________________.

b. Answer the following in one sentence. 4 M

1. How did the crew move in the spacecraft?

2. How many days did Columbia stay in space?

3. What did the crew see when they were dropping ever faster?

4. Who spoke the last words?

c. Find the words from the passage which means the same as given below. 4M

1. Say in advance

2. Vehicle needed for travel in space

3. Electrically charged particle

4. Mixer of gases surrounding the earth

5. Read the following and answer the questions 12M

In India, various form of Shakti worship can be seen. Shakti, in the form of the mother Goddess Devi, is the primeval source of energy. The Kamakhya Temple in Assam is regarded as one of the Shakti Peethams and is visited by thousands of devotees every year. Shakti Peethams are the sites where the parts of Sati's body fell as in the legend of Daksha Yagna.

Kamakhya is situated on the Kamagiri hill or Neelachala Parvat near the city of Guwahati in Assam. Assam traditionally has been known as the Kamarupa Desa and has been associated with Shakti worship.

This temple was destroyed in early 16th century, and then rebuilt in the 17th century by King Nara Narayana, of Cooch Bihar.

The structure of the temple has a beehive like shikara topped by a golden trishula. One can find images of Ganesha and other Hindu gods and goddesses on the outside. The temple consists of three major chambers. The western chamber is large and rectangular. There is an idol of Chamundeswari towards south of this chamber.

The middle chamber is a square, with a small idol of the Goddess. All the decoration and routine pujas of Kamakhya are conducted here. It leads to the Garbha griha of the temple in the form of a cave, which consists of no image but a small natural underground spring.

Idols of Ganesha, Vishwa karma are also present in this temple premises.

Monkeys, tortoises and a large number of pigeons are living in the temple suggesting that Kamakhya is the mother of all.

I. Answer the following questions briefly: (6 Marks)

1. What is Shakti?

2. What are Shakti Peetham?

3. Why kamakhya temple is famous?

4. What does presence of so many living creatures in the premise of the temple suggest?

5. What lies towards the south of western chamber?

6. What is in Garbha griha?

II on the basis of your reading the passage Complete the sentences. (4 marks )

1. Kamakhya temple is found in _________. 2. Assam is traditionally known as _________.

3.The structure of the temple has _____________ 4.________ idol is towards the south chamber..

II. Find a word in the passage that means the following: (4 marks)

1. a box-like or dome-shaped structure in which bees are kept.

2. a building together with its grounds 3.a work done in a regular basis. 4. within the campus.

Section – B

Q1. You are Lalit. You happened to visit the national handicraft design gallery. It was a rare opportunity to experience the sheer variety of Indian craft. Using the information given below and with your own ideas, write a letter to the editor of a newspaper about the popularity of Indian handicrafts and the difficulties that the artisans have to face. Also suggest the methods to solve their problems.

ü Indian handicrafts in great demand in Europe , US and the Gulf countries.

ü Cheap and exquisite work.

ü Rare work

ü Products not given proper publicity

ü Exploitation by middlemen

ü Imparting education

ü Creating awareness about their rights

ü Government to intervene

20, Sardar Patel Nagar

Visakhapatnam

October 15,2016

The Editor The Telegraph Visakhapatnam

Subject: Indian handicrafts and artisans difficulties

Dear Sir

Through the columns of your esteemed daily I wish to invite the attention of the authorities towards the difficulties of the artisans and the popularity of Indian handicrafts. I happened to visit the National Handicrafts recently. I felt thrilled to know that Indian handicrafts are in great demand in the U.S , Europe and in the Gulf countries. They are pretty cheap but are great and exquisite works of art. Since they are rare works, they reflect the rich cultures and heritage of India. I am sure that they are not given proper publicity. If it is given then they sell more and are more benefitting to the country.

The artisans should be given full information about this sort of exploitation. They should be made aware of their rights and paid properly. In a way, the government should eliminate the role of the middlemen from this. So the govt. should intervene at once and take immediate action.

Yours faithfully

Lalit Ghosh.

Q) Aastha/Atul is the secretary of green fingers, the environment club of Gurukul school Delhi. The school celebrates Van Mahotsava on August 25. She/He wrote a report on the program for the school newsletter. write a report as Aastha/ Atul, Secretary Green Fingers

VANMAHOTSAV CELABRATION By Suresh Panda

Van Mahotsava was celebrated by green fingers, the environment club of the school, with great enthusiasm on 24th August. The district forest officer, Mr. S.D.Bhambri was the chief guest. He inaugurated the bio diversity park in the school. The principal, Mrs T.S Rajni Planted a sapling in the park.

Speaking on the occasion, Mr Bhambri urged the students to plant more trees and to launch a campaign to save the environment. Students of the primary wing of the school presented a cultural program. The senior students staged a play on saving the environment.

The principal announced a cash reward of rupees 5000 each and a merit certificate for two students for creating the best environmental projects. She also outlined the plan for a 'Green Campaign ' to be launched soon to create awareness among the people.

Q) You are Mansi/Manav. You visited "Green Garden Resort" during the holidays. Write an article for your school magazine about why the place attracted you. Use the following

- Accessibility - Reasonable Charges

- Hygienic surrounding - beauty

- Facilities

A Visit To Green Garden Resort

Recently I visited Chennai. I had a wonderful stay at the Green Garden Resortr. It was a wonderful trip. Truly mesmsrising places in the out skirt of the city. It had slyvian surroundings peaceful and calm atmosphere. A far away place from the maddening crowd of the city and absolute pollution free.

Chennai is easily accessible from places like Mumbai and Delhi. There are many flights and trains running from Mumbai and Delhi on daily basis. From Bangalore it is a three hours journey.

The most commendable thing about this resort is its hygienic surrounding is very clean and tidy halls with decoration , antique show pieces. It has scenic beauty and the greenery around this place is eye pleasing. There is a park for children with comfortable swings and sea saw.

This is by far the most attractive place I have ever visited. It is a place of joy. Definitely this resort will boast the tourism ratings in and around chennai. It is an absolute advantage for the travel and tourism department. A thought provoking places that refreshes your mind away from the busy life in city. The Green Garden Resorts would definitely get 10 out of 10 in the ratings. As the saying goes " A thing of beauty is a joy forever". This aptly describes my stay at the resort.

Exercise For Practice

UNIT- 4 Environment

Q1) You are Kalyani / Shankar of Kendriya Vidyalaya Karol Bagh New Delhi. You are very worried about the increasing pollution in your city. Write a letter to the editor of a news paper expressing your concern.

Q2) You are a student of class X. You are very worried at the outbreak of Malaria in your locality. Write a letter to the editor of “Times Of India” spreading awareness among the people. Also write about the ways in which the spread of these diseases can be stopped.

Q3) The Environment club of your school organized a campaign to celebrate cracker free Diwali. Posters, placards and banners were prepared. Then a long march was organised to sensitize the masses. Using ideas from the unit environment write a letter to your pen-friend, Aman/ Shrada describing the efforts made by the students and the staff of the school to make the campaign successful. Sign your name as Sumit / Namita.

UNIT- 5 Travel And Tourism

Q1) The Amir Khan Advertisement on Tourism inspires you with a sense of responsibility towards the nation. You feel it is your duty to welcome and respect the tourist who visit your country. As a student with vision of future India, write a letter to your friend inspiring them to take up this cause with a sense of patriotism.

Q2) write an article for your school magazine on the topic “ Promoting Tourism in India.”

UNIT-6 National Integration

Q1) You are Anjum/ Anshul of National Public School. Recently you received the Communal Harmony Prize from the chief minister of the state for an essay on ‘National Integration’. Write a letter to your friend describing how humanism, love and compassion are the core values of all religions.

STORY WRITING

Q1. Write in 150 words a story that begins when I went to granny for her blessing that morning; she remained me to do my good deed for the day............

The Lesson Taught By My Grandmother

When I went to granny for her blessing that morning, she reminded me to do my good deed for the day which I have remembered till today. It was my childhood when my grand mom taught me many good things. It was that day when my grandmother told me to do a good thing on that day. It was Sunday, a normal holiday for me, I was walking down the street to my house when I saw a boy of my age begging for money in the streets. I thought, here is an opportunity for me to do a good deed, so I approached him and asked whether he would like to study or not, then the boy told that he would surely if someone helped him. I took him home and taught A to Z. He was such a brilliant boy as he was grasping all lessons very fast. Then I gave him some of my books, which were just kept in my box. I told him to read all these and gain knowledge. Then I happily took him to my grandmother and said everything. Tears were in my grandmother eyes. She was happy. My grandmother told that he could go to the nearby government school and learn for free there. So I admitted him in that school. Whenever possible, I used to help him in his studies. That was the best deed in my life.

Moral: 1. Always reach out a helping hand

2. A good deed is a blessing.

Q2. Complete the following story. Some lines are given to help you start.

As I peeped out of my bedroom window, I was shocked to see a strange looking man staring at my house. He slowly shifted his gaze towards me...

The Strange Man

As I peeped out of my bedroom window, I was shocked to see a strange looking man staring at my house. He slowly shifted his gaze towards me. I was surprised at his strange features. He had a peculiar face with long nose and big ears. He was a very short man with a big forehead. His sparkling eyes looked mysterious. As he watched me I gazed back at him with curiosity. There was something enigmatic about him. Suddenly he turned his face and now gazed at my neighbours window . And his suspicious movement frightened me. But I wanted to know his secret behind this mystery. I quickly followed him , uncertain about his moves. To my amazement he entered one of the neighbouring houses. Soon my neighbours informed me it was the house of a scientist. I secretly entered the house and peeped in and was puzzled to see that he was the scientist himself doing some experiments. I understood he had some evil design in his mind. Immediately I informed the police and he was arrested.

IMAGINARY STORY

Q3. Complete the following story on the basis of the clues given below in about 150-200 words.

A village… an old grandma…. very poor….grandchildren came… went out to bring some food… were tapped in a gaint’s house…. giant ate them up….used a trick… came out of the stomach… helped their grandma.

Once upon a time, there was a village near a jungle. An old grandma lived all alone there. Once her two grandchildren, Ravi and Rekha came to visit her. They became sad to see the poverty of their grandma. They promised to bring some food for her and went out of her cottage. While searching for food, they lost their way in the jungle. They became very sad and Rekha started crying. Suddenly they saw a beautiful house. They went near the house but were trapped as it was a giant’s house. The gaint ate them up. Inside his stomach they saw many more children. Suddenly Ravi remembered that his grandmother had given him a knife for cutting fruits. He took out the knife and rushed towards the gaint’s mouth and started cutting his tongue with knife. The gaint was unable to bear the pain and opened his mouth. The two children came out of his mouth and hid in the darkness. After sometime, they went to their grandmother with a lot of money.

Q4) Construct an interesting story by using the idea given below imaginatively in about 150-200 words.

Going to the forest was not my idea. It was my brother's idea ………...

Answer

One Stormy Night

Going to the forest was not my idea. It was my brother's idea to spend an evening in the forest. It was going to rain as the clouds looked dark and rainy. I could see the rain moving across the area, and I could smell it in the air. But instead of turning homewards, my brother, Rahul, pushed our way forward through the leaves and brambles that grew across the forest path. I had heard the sound of rushing water at the bottom of the hill. When I saw the thundering clouds I wanted to run home. I feared that it would rain black and blue. It began to rain, but we didn't stop to take shelter. We immediately turned back. But the path was not so simple. We tried to run all the way home. But it was very dark and our torch stopped working. I was not sure whether we would reach home safely or not. Suddenly a flash was seen. I started shouting madly. A woodcutter was standing a few yards away from us. He had come there in search of good quality wood. Since he knew the area ,he helped us in reaching home. We finally slipped in through the backdoor of our house without being noticed.

Q5) I was walking with my dog last night, when I saw a strange light. I wondered if it could be an UFO. Complete the story in about 150-200 words using the hints below, your own ideas and the ideas from the Unit 'Mystery'

Hints •

-strange light in the sky -a larger flying saucer

-alien creatures -strange features

- suspicious moments -your reaction

Answer

No Place for Disbelief

What I remember most about the summer of 2014 is not the summer vacation, but that night when I met a strange friend. As I was walking along with my dog for about ten minutes, I noticed something strange in the sky. I was surprised, not afraid, to find a large flying saucer hovering over the city .Out of curiosity I ran in the same direction. I clumsily dragged my dog. My eyes were wide with surprise when I saw that the UFO landed in a park near to the street. I hid myself to observe the activities of these aliens. Soon I saw that some strange creatures came out of it. I couldn't believe my eyes. The aliens had a long face having large enormous eyes. Their height was only 3-4 feet. I followed them but they disappeared. I searched for them but all the efforts went in vain. As I half-listened to my dog who could hardly be silent, walking next to me, what caught my attention was a strange noise. I turned back and saw the aliens returning to their spacecraft. Soon, the spaceship roared and there was only a light sound and then it flew away. It was a short encounter but I will never forget it.

Q6) On the basis of the clues given below, write a short story in about 150-200 words.

Mr. Chatterjee—rich man—his darling grandson fell sick—engaged best doctors—post operation medicines not available—searched for the drug—result negative—went to Mother Teresa's ashram—Mother looked into his eyes—helpless state—poorest of the poor—Money couldn't help—Mother helped—paid thanks.

Answer Selfless Service

Where the vision is one year, cultivate flowers.

Where the vision is ten years, cultivate trees.

Where the vision is eternity, cultivate people.

The oriental saying emphasises the importance of cultivating people. There are some people who show their love by praying to God. But the best way to show Him our love is to love our fellow-beings.

Our One such person was Mother Teresa. She was a great soul whose heart Was full of nothing but compassion for the poor and needy people. Her selfless service among the destitute and diseased is a story of courage and sacrifice.

It was June, 1999 when Mr. Chatterjee's grandson, Rohit, fell sick. Mr. Chatterjee was a rich man of our area and Rohit was his only grandson. All the best doctors were engaged for the treatment of Rohit. After one week's treatment the doctors decided to operate him. Although the operation was successful yet the post-operation medicines were found nowhere. They searched for the drugs at every medical store but the medicines were out of stock. It was like a thunderclap.

Mr. Chatterjee was helpless. He went to Mother Teresa's ashram at Nirmal Hriday. He met the Mother who looked into his eyes and a miracle took place. His grandson was cured. Mr. Chatterjee had no words to pay thanks to this angel. He was eternally grateful to her.

MORAL – HOPE AND BELIEF CAN BRING MIRACLES

Exercise

1. Read the outlines given below of a short story. Write it in full using these outlines and your own ideas. Write the answer in 150-200 words. Assign a suitable title and a moral to it.

A good boy----- disobeys his parents----- gets into bad company----- father gives him some good apples----- tells him to lay them aside for few days----- place a rotten apple among them----- the rotten apple spoils the good ones----- a lesson on bad company.

2. Read the outlines given below of a short story. Write it in full using these outlines and your own ideas. Write the answer in 150-200 words.

Three friends find a bag full of money----- agree to divide the money----- all were hungry----- one sent to buy food in village----- wants all the money himself----- so poisons the food----- in his absence the other two plans to murder him------ so when he comes back they murder him----- then they ate the poisoned food----- both died.

3. Read the outlines given below of a short story. Write it in full using these outlines and your own ideas. Write the answer in 150-200 words. Assign a suitable title and a moral to it.

A slave runs away from his cruel master----- a lion in the forest----- crying in pain-----the slave take out a thorn from his foot----- a few months later----- the slave caught by his master’s men----- ordered to be thrown before a hungry lion----- the lion rushes at him----- licks his feet----- remembers his old kindness----- the slave and the lion set at liberty.

4. Complete the story in any suitable way making it interesting giving a suitable and meaningful title.

Once upon a time there lived a young boy called Bunty. He came from a very poor family. One fine day he left home and came to Mumbai and started polishing shoes at the Mumbai Central Railway Station ……………….

GRAMMAR

5. ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

01. Edison invented the gramophone

The gramophone was invented by Edison.

02. She paid the fees with a fine.

The fees was paid by her with a fine

03. He sells books in the market.

Books are sold by him in the market.

04. Children like sweets.

Sweets are liked by children

05. He writes poems for the magazine

Poems are written by him for the magazine.

06. The peon rings the bell on time.

The bell is rung by the poem on time

7.Father drank coffee for breakfast

Coffee was drunk by father for breakfast.

8.The boys played a cricket match.

A cricket match was played by the boys.

9.He helped the old lady to cross the road

The old lady was helped by him to cross the road.

10.Someone stole my English notebook.

My English notebook was stolen by someone

11.He eats an apple for breakfast

An apple is eaten by him for breakfast

12. Colombus discovered America.

America was discovered by colombus

EXAMINATION QUESTIONS

1. How to Make Orange Squash

· Take 1 doz. Fully ripe oranges

· Remove the rinds

· Extract the juice

· Strain through a thick cloth

· Mix ½ kg sugar, ½ tea-spoon citric acid

· Add a pinch of potassium meta – bisulphate, few drops of colour and essence

· Stir till thoroughly dissolved

One dozen fully ripe oranges are taken. Their rinds (a)_________________ and the juice (b)_________________. Then the juice (c)____________________________ through a thick cloth into a stainless steel vessel. ½ kg sugar, ½ tea – spoon citric acid, a pinch od potassium meta – bisulphate, a few drops of color and essence (d)______________ in the juice. The mixture is stirred tell it us thoroughly dissolved.

Answer

(a) are removed (b) is extracted

2. How to make Candy Cone Ornament

· Draw a half circle on red construction paper making it 11 inches in diameter

· Cut out and roll the circle into a cone and a tape

· Cut a piece of coloured ribbon for a hanger

· With a pencil tip, punch a hole in opposite sides of the cone

· Pull the ribbon through the holes

· Candy cone ornament is ready. Decorate the cone with design cut from gift wrapping paper.

A half circle is drawn on a red construction paper making it 11 inches in diameter. The circle (a)__________________ out into a cone and a tape. A piece of colored ribbon (b)_____________________ for a hanger. Next, with a pencil tip a hole (c)_____________________ in opposite sides of the cone. Then the ribbon is pulled through the holes. Candy cone ornament is ready. The cone (d)________________ with design cut from gift wrapping paper

REPORTED SPEECH

Q) Change the following into reported speech.

1.Sita said ,"Do you want to dance?"

2. Beena said, "When did you come?"

3. Mohan said, "Has Anand arrived?"

4. Ravi said, "Where does Mira park her car?"

5. Elina said,"Did you watch the latest film?"

6. Manu said "Can I help you?"

7. Mohan said, “let Anand work hard”.

8. He said, “It is very hot in the morning”

9. He said, “It was very hot yesterday morning”.

10. Jaya said,: "Priya is at home."

Q) TRANSFORM THE FOLLOWING SENTEBCES INTO REPORTED SPEECH

EXAMINATION QUESTIONS

(I) Judge : What are you charged with?

Prisoner : Sir , for doing my Diwali shopping early.

Judge : But that’s not an offense! And how early were you

exactly doing it?

Prisoner : Well Sir! To avoid the rush, I thought it would be better

if I completed it before the store opened.

The judge being in a good mood before the Diwali festivals asked the prisoner (a_________________. The prisoner, sensing his good mood, politely replied (b)_________________. The surprised judge declared that it wasn’t an offence. He further inquired (c)_________________. Humbly the prisoner replied that to avoid the rush, he had thought it would be better (d)___________________.

Answer (a) What he was charged with.

(b) that he was doing his Diwali shopping early.

( d ) if he had completed it before the store had opened.

(II) Father :Good Morning, Sir,. I have come to get my child admitted in your school.

Principal : In which class do you wish to get your child admitted?

Father : In class II, Sir?

Principal : Sorry, we do not have any vacancy in that class..

Father : Sir, my son is very intelligent. You will be proud to have him in your school.

Principal : What has he learnt till now?

Father : To walk and to talk, Sir.

The father of a child met the Principal of a school and told him that (a)____________. The principal enquired about the class for admission and the father told him that it was class II. The principal then informed him that (b)______________________ in that class. The father told him that his son was very intelligent and them (the principal / school) (c)______________. .The principal, further, asked him (d)_____________________. The father proudly replied that he had learnt to walk and to talk.

(III) Mother : Sonal, what are you drawing?

Sonal : I am not drawing. I am writing to my friend.

Mother : But you can’t write!

Sonal : It doesn’t matter. My friend can’t read either.

The mother asked sonal (a)______. Sonal replied that she wasn’t drawing but (b)____. The mother remarked with surprise that (c)______. Sonal Calmly replied that (d)______ read either.

EDITING

1.Dance is an art form is Eg. is as

well known, for dance as a a)_______ ______

therapy is not known in many. b)_______ ______

Dance therapy involve a synthesis c)_______ ______

of the grace and vigour on Indian d)_______ ______

classic and folk dance e)_______ ______

movements into a innovative f)_______ ______

holistic therapy. It brings over the g)_______ ______

inner feelings of the participants h)_______ ______

and can help them with develop a i)________ ______

healthy personality. j)________ ______

Incorrect correct

2.The city police has decided Eg. has have

to taking stern action against a)_______ ______

drivers who attempt to b)_______ ______

overtake in the left c)_______ ______

side in city roads. All d)_______ ______

driver who violate this rule e)_______ ______

will be punish. The first offence will f)________ _____

invited penalty of fine. The g)_______ ______

second will incur cancel of h)_______ ______

the driving licenses.

Incorrect correct

3.Phrasal verbs, which is idiomatic Eg.is are

in meaning, are a integral part a)_______ ______

the English language add spice b)_______ ______

and beauty at its style. These c)_______ ______

expressions are use not only d)_______ ______

of spoken and informal English e)_______ ______

and are also a part of written and f)_______ ______

formal English. An phrasal verb is g)_______ ______

a group of words what is used as h)_______ ______

a verb and consist of a verb i)________ ______

following by an adverb or a preposition. j)________ ______

OMISSION

1. (a) Fresh vegetables be cooked to perfection ______ ______ _______

(b) in the microwave as they retain their ----------- --------- ----------

(d) can be cooked in casserole dishes lids ______ ______ _______

(e) stirring once the cooking period. ______ _______ _______

(f) Roasting boiling bags can also be used ______ _______ _______

(g) for some Vegetables with ends ______ _______ _______

(h) loosely closed allowing a bit of steam to escape _____ _______ _______

2.(a) India a land of great diversity. ______ ______ ______

(b) There is diversity only in its ----------- ---------- ----------

(d) race that its people belong, in _______ _______ _______

(e) the religion that the profess and _______ _______ _______

(f) the languages that they . There _______ _______ _______

(g) is , however, a unity in its diversity ________ _______ _______

(h) and this helps to unite its people ________ _______ _______

Into one nation.

3.(a) Each and everyone wishes to healthy ______ ______ ______

(b) but very few ready to make efforts ----------- ---------- ----------

(d) give excuse that they busy and _______ _______ _______

(d) can’t spare a minute exercise. _______ _______ _______

(f) othersbelive in eating too. They _______ _______ _______

(g) think that they get healthy by eatimg ________ _______ ______

all the time.

4.One thing we all must do/to cooperate ( a) ______ ______ _________

With/ police and pay heed to their advice(b).______ _____ ________

They warn us not/touch unidentified, ( c ) ______ ______ ________

/unclaimed suspicious objects like transistors,( d )______ ________ ________

brief cases etc. We need /watch out for ( e ) ________ ________ _________

abandoned cars, scooters and report/ ( f ) _______ ________ ______

details/such objects to the nearest police ( g ) ________ ________ ________

control room/ dialing 100. One should (h ) _________ ________ _________

not touch the objects till the bomb disposal squad arrives

JUMBLED WORDS

1.. a. is/one of the/of all time/an American inventor/greatest inventors/Thomas Alva Edition

b. continued/began to/at/and/to/work/his death/until/Edison/work/an early age/right up

c. as/inventor/his career/he/was/for/determination/ /throughout/well known/an/his

d. his career/Edison/phonograph/more than 1,000//the electric light,the/ during/ and the motion-picture camera/made/including/inventions

2.. a. a theory/of the/is made up/land//according to/the crust/Earth’s Surface/oceanic plates/of vast continental/

b. are/in motion/these/against/constant/rubbing/and/pushing/ one a mother

c. the/Eurasia plate/ is largest/continental/the

d. is/of some/of rocks/composed/on/Earth/it/the most/ancient

LITERATURE

A Shady Plot

BY –Elsie Brown

Summary

The writer, Mr Hallock, was told by his employer Mr Jenkins to write a ghost story. He told Mr Hallock to write a very horrifying story with supernatural elements because the public liked these kind of stories. The writer agreed to this proposal for no one else printed his stuff. He was surprised how he could have written the earlier ghost stories for he was not a specialist in this genre. Whenever he had decided to write a ghost story, surprisingly the plot had appeared from nowhere.

The writer sat down to pen the story, though no idea occurred to him. In fact his mind was wandering towards his wife’s shopping trips and other unghostly things. The writer loudly said, ‘‘This writing business is delightful, isn’t it?” and to his surprise a voice at the other end of the room said, “Yes it is.” The writer was surprised to see a figure taking shape gradually. It was a woman, tall and angular, with enormous fishy eyes, wearing spectacles. She came and stood before the writer. The writer wished to know why that woman had come. She gave a very surprising answer that the writer had only called her to help him in writing a story. Moreover she said that the ghosts were going on strike so the writer should stop bothering her for another plot. She elaborated that all the other stories that had been a hit had come from her only.

The ghost explained that she had been a writer in the earlier birth but now she had collected other ghosts like her and set up a ‘Writers’ Inspiration Bureau’. Now they extended help to a writer who had no ideas. The writer disagreed with the ghost’s views for he had never seen her before so how could she have inspired him. She explained that she had sat on the writer’s shoulder and had given him the plots. But now they were all fed up for being pulled out of beds at all times and had decided to go on strike. The ghost wanted the writer to call all his friends and stop using the Ouija board. The conversation of the writer and the ghostly figure was interrupted by the arrival of the writer’s wife who is surprised to see her husband sitting in the dark and talking loudly to himself. However, she was going gaga over a recent purchase she had made. On the writer’s query she revealed that she had bought Ouija board to help the writer to write the stories. She said that she wanted to make story writing easy for the writer from now onwards. The writer tried his best to dissuade his wife from keeping the ouija board but she refused to listen. The writer thought that he would reason with his wife later.

Next day the writer set out for his job. He worked as an accountant for a lumber company and could not give up his job and take to full-time story-writing due to financial problems. On reaching back home he was told by his cook to get ready and come down as his wife had invited some guests. When he came down eventually, he was surprised to see that their parlour was full of women belong- ing to his wife’s book club. They were sitting in two’s and between two friends there was a Ouija board. Immediately his wife appeared and she wanted the writer to be a partner of Mrs Hinkle, who was without any other friend.

Miss Hinkle took the writer’s fingers and started moving them on the Ouija board. Surprisingly the words spelt on the board were ‘TRAITOR.’ Mrs. Hinkle wanted the board to clarify as to who was a traitor. The Ouija board spelled out that it was Mr Hallock. On enquiring what the identity of the speaker was, the board revealed that it was someone with the name of Helen.

This fact created a furore in the entire room and the ladies along with the writer’s wife gathered around the writer and looked at him accusingly. All the Ouija boards signalled towards the writer. The writer could not answer. He fled the scene and went to sleep. Next morning, he noticed a slip of paper with the message that his wife was leaving him for good and her lawyer would communicate with him. The writer was shocked and surprised at this development. Meanwhile Helen, the ghost, reappeared and told the writer that she had been sent to ensure that his wife was going to get rid of that Ouija board. The writer was very angry and he retorted that the ghost had made the writer lose his wife, his home and his happiness. The writer’s wife Lavinia entered and told the writer that she was moving out. The writer was trying to shield and cover Helen, when his wife remarked that he was behaving very strangely. The Cook barged in and announced that she was not going to serve in a place where there were Ouija boards and activities relating to curses and charms. Lavinia was in no mood to be pacified. She sprang quickly to see who was standing behind her husband.

Helen did not disappear this time and boldly announced to Lavinia that she indeed was Helen. Lavinia felt very miserable to create such a ruckus and accuse her husband of infidelity. The writer felt inspired and realised that he had indeed hit upon an excellent plot for a ghost story.

Answer the following questions briefly.

(a) What genre of stories does Jenkins want the narrator to write? Why?

Answer

Jenkins wanted the narrator to write fictions about ghosts i.e. ghost stories. He wanted supernatural theme which gave horror to the public as ghosts were live propositions.

(b) Does the narrator like writing ghost stories? Support your answer with evidence from the story.

Answer

No, the writer was not fond of writing ghost stories at all. He himself says 'I didn't specialize in ghost stories.' Whenever he sat down to write a ghost story, he hadn't the shade of an idea. He had chased the inspiration in vain for months when he started writing ghost fiction for the first time. This all shows that the narrator was, though natural, an accidental ghost fiction writer.

(c) What makes Helen, the ghost, and her other co-ghosts organize The Writer's Inspiration Bureau?

Answer

Helen and other co-ghosts organised The Writer’s Inspiration Bureau because they felt there were many writers without ideas, however, with a vulnerable mind who were looking for an inspiration to write ghost stories. The bureau would assign a ghost to such a writer so that he/she could write good ghost stories.

(d) Why had Helen, the ghost been helping the narrator write ghost stories? Why was she going on strike? What condition did she place for providing continued help?

Answer

Helen had helped the narrator because he was keen to write ghost stories but had no ideas and his mind was impressionable. But now the ghosts were fed up of being called too often from their beds. They had given up haunting and had taken up answering questions on the Ouija board but people had started pestering them too often. Helen promised to help the narrator if he would get his friends and acquaintances to stop using the Ouija board.

(e) How does the ghost undermine the narrator's faith in his ability to write ghost stories?

Answer

The narrator is sure that ghost stories specialize in him. He never refuses Jenkins whenever he demands a ghost story for his magazine. He had always been able to dig up one for him. So he has started feeling overconfident about his ability to write on the supernatural everytime. But the lady ghost tells him that he always call her to help him in writing a ghost story. Many a time she has leaned on his shoulder to give him ideas. Now, he will not get more ideas or plots of ghost stories for him. In this way, the lady ghost undermines the narrator's ability to write ghost stories.

(f) Why does John want the ghost to disappear before his wife appears on the scene? What impression of his wife's character do you form from his words?

Answer

Lavinia, John’s wife, is a jealous lady. John does not want Helen to be seen by his wife for fear of complications in his married life. His wife is over sensitive and the sight of a ghost in her house will affect her badly. Lavinia is basically a lady, who is a spendthrift and socialite, spending her time in parties and friends.

(g) Why does the narrator hesitate to be a partner to Laura Hinkle during the Ouija Board Party?

Answer

Helen, the ghost, had asked the narrator to influence his friends to stop using the Ouija board. It was only on this condition that Helen promised to help the narrator to write ghost stories. If Helen sees him now himself trying to communicate ghosts through Ouija board, he fears how and what she would do to him. That is why the narrator was reluctant to be a partner to Laura Hinkle during the Ouija Board party.

(h) What message does the ghost convey to the group that had assembled in the narrator's house? What is their reaction to the message?

Answer

Helen called John a traitor as he bluffs her. He had promised Helen that he would convince his friends to stop contacting ghosts; rather here he himself was doing the same. She is annoyed and filled with anguish and so goes to everyone’s Ouija board one by one and tells that Mr. Hallock is a traitor. After this revelation everybody suspected John of cheating upon his wife, later John clarified to his wife and she even understood.

(i) Do you agree with the narrator calling the assembly of women "manipulators?" Give reasons.

Answer

Assembly of Women were rightly called 'manipulators' by narrator as they very successfully and craftily manipulated the spirits to answer their questions. The way in which they brought report about Helen's statement about the narrator calling him traitor seemed like manipulation to him.

(j) Why is John's wife angry? What does she decide to do?

Answer

John’s wife is angry because she, like other women, believed what the spirit said through the Ouija board, about her husband. A woman even reported that Helen has called John a traitor. Lavinia thought that her husband was cheating on her. She decided to go to her grandmother’s house. She also decided to separate from her husband.

(k) Why does John wish he were dead?

Answer

John wished he was dead because a brief meeting with a ghost had created such situations that he was about to lose his wife, whom he loved dearly, it destroyed his happiness and home.

(l) When confronted by Lavinia about his flirtations over the Ouija Board, John insists that 'the affair was quite above-board, I assure you, my love'. Bring out the pun in John's statement.

Answer

John assures his wife that his flirtations with Helen the ghost are above board. He tries to tell her that whatever that has happened between him and Helen is over the board of Ouija and there was nothing that he wished to hide from his wife; in fact there was nothing to tell.

(m) John's apprehensions about his wife's reaction to her encounter with the ghost are unfounded. Justify.

Answers

John thought that his wife would become hysterical if she saw the ghost Helen; however, when the encounter happened, she confidently spoke to the ghost and was not at all scared of it.

Patol Babu, Film Star

By Satyajit Ray

Summary of the Chapter

One morning, as Patol Babu was about to go out shopping, his neighbour, Nishikanto Ghosh, came to visit him. He told Patol Babu that his brother-in-law, who was in the film business, was looking for an actor and Nishikanto had suggested Patol Babu’s name. He also assured Patol Babu that he would be paid for the role. Patol Babu was taken by surprise because he had not expected to be given a chance at this age. But, Nishikanto knew that he had acted on stage when he was young and so suggested his name.

As he went on to buy provisions from the market, Patol Babu was excited and this made him mix up his wife’s shopping list. He was preoccupied with his thoughts about the days when his name brought people to see the plays and theatricals he acted in. He was passionate about acting. Back then, he had a good job in the railway factory in Kanchrapara. Later, he got a better job offer in Calcutta and moved here with his wife. All was well and Patol Babu was thinking about starting a club in the neighbourhood when he lost his job due to the war and its effects. After losing his job, Patol Babu had to face many difficulties to earn a livelihood. He tried various things, like opening a variety store and working as an insurance agent in order to survive. In his day-to-day struggles, Patol Babu forgot about his acting talent, but at times he would recall lines that he had learnt for his acting.

Naresh Dutt arrived at Patol Babu’s house and offered him a small part in a film. The role was of an absent-minded, short-tempered pedestrian. He instructed Patol Babu about the way he had to dress and told him to be at the shooting the next day at eight thirty sharp. He also gave him the address of the place. Patol Babu eagerly accepted the role but wanted to know whether the role was a speaking one and when he got a positive reply, he was relaxed. After Naresh left, Patol Babu broke the news to his wife and reminded her how he had started on the stage with a small role.

Patol Babu arrived promptly at eight thirty. He was dressed up for the part, too. He saw many cars and a bus that carried equipment. The place was crowded with people but Naresh Dutt was nowhere to be seen. Patol Babu was feeling hot because of his warm jacket and he was just moving towards the entrance when Naresh Dutt called him. He praised him for his punctuality and asked him to wait under the shade till he was called for his turn. Patol Babu did as he was told and stood under the shade of a paan shop. Looking at the young people working with the equipment, Patol Babu could not help admire the hard work involved in making a film.

Patol Babu was worried about the dialogue that he had to deliver because no one had given him his lines and he needed to practise, even if his role was a small one. As he was about to ask someone, the shooting started. A man standing next to Patol Babu told him that the hero of the film was Chanchal Kumar and although Patol Babu did not watch many films, he had heard the name before. Patol Babu enquired about the director so that he could tell his wife when he got back.

Finally, Naresh Dutt gave him his lines and when he saw the dialogue, he felt as if they were making fun of him because it consisted of a single word, ‘Oh.’ He was told that he should feel lucky that he got a role in a film directed by Baren Mullick and the hero was none other than Chanchal Kumar. Although he was a little upset, he thought he would make the most of the situation and started practising his single dialogue in different ways.

Before his turn, Patol Babu suggested a rehearsal, but he was turned down. He was given a moustache that rather suited him and was told to start the role. Patol Babu became so engrossed in his role that the collision looked a real one. Everyone praised his timing and he was asked to wait so that he could be paid. Patol Babu knew he had done a good job and he was satisfied. Acting was his passion and he did not want to wait to be paid and so he quietly left the scene.

3. Answer the following questions briefly

(a) What was the news that Nishikanto Ghosh gave Patol Babu?

Answer

Nishikanto Babu told Patol Babu that his brother-in law, who was in the film business, was looking for an actor for a film they were shooting. The character he described reminded Nishikanto Babu of Patol Babu so he gave him his address and asked him to get in touch with him.

(b) How did Patol Babu react? Why?

Answer

Patol Babu was taken aback by the acting offer. He was surprised as it seemed unbelievable to him that a 52-year old nobody like him was getting a chance to act in a film.

(c) Why had Patol Babu lost his first job in Calcutta?

Answer

The Second World War had resulted in Patol Babu being retrenched from his nine-year-old clerical job at Hudson and Kimberley.

(d) How does Patol Babu reconcile to the dialogue given to him?

Answer

Initially Patol Babu was very dejected to know that he was required to speak just one word ‘Oh!’, but later he accepted it because the director told him that he was the only one who had the speaking part that day. Even the lead actor had no dialogues to speak that day.

(e) Who was Mr. Pakrashi? How do his words help Patol Babu in enacting his role?

Answer

Mr. Pakrashi was Patol Babu's mentor. He was a wonderful actor, without a tract of vanity in him. He said, "Remember one thing, Patol; however small a part you're offered, never consider it beneath your dignity to accept it." These words influenced Patol Babu a lot and they helped him enact his role with confidence and determination. From these words, Patol Babu drew spirit, energy, inspiration and dignity to enact such a small role. He no more felt his role in the movie to be condescending.

(f) How do we know that Patol Babu was a meticulous man?

Answer

Patol Babu was indeed a meticulous man. When he got his dialogue, monosyllabic exclamation 'Oh!', he tried his best to give his best. First he tried to understand different inflections of 'Oh!' when spoken in different tones carrying different meanings. He was a true actor. He enunciated the syllable in various ways. Along with, he worked out how he would react physically when the collision take place, how his features would be twisted in pain, how he would express pain and surprise. he performed in various ways infront of a large glass window. When his turn came, he even suggested for a rehearsal. He calculated his steps and timed it excellently well. All these things shows his hard-work and pain taking attitude.

(g) Why did Mr. Mullick turn down Patol Babu's request for a rehearsal?

Answer

Mr Mullick was a very busy and preoccupied director. He had no patience to grant rehearsal for an insignificant role. Moreover, the scene had to be shot in sunlight and as the clouds were seen approaching, he had to take the shot quickly. So he declined Patol Babu’s request for a rehearsal.

(h) What were the special touches that Patol Babu gave to his role to make it more authentic?

Answer

Patol Babu was given the role of an absent-minded pedestrian who collided with the hero Chanchal Kumar on his way from his car to office. First of all, he himself rehearsed his own bit. He worked out his steps, his reactions and his face expressions. When the shot was ready, he suggested to Barren Mullick if he had a newspaper open in his hand then it would be more natural and realistic. then, he calculated his speed and distance of the spot where the collision was to take place and expressed his feelings of anguish, surprise and irritation in proper ratio proportion. In this way, he timed it very well.

Virtually True

By Paul Stewart

Summary of the Chapter

The story starts with a boy named Michael who reads an article in the newspaper about a "Miracle Recovery." A boy whose condition was critical but stable had been recovered from coma. Michael recollects that the boy who was mentioned in the newspaper was in fact Sebastian Shultz who he had met weeks ago while playing. This all started in the Computer Fair, when Michael's father who was Nutty about computers, bought him a new computer preloaded with games. When he plays the game ‘Wild West’, he becomes a Sheriff and is challenged by "Black eyed Jed" to a duel. He meets a Second Sheriff whom he was asked to go with. Unfortunately, the Second Sheriff gets shot by the villains and the game ends. Later on, he gets a printout which read "I 'm Sebastian Shultz try playing Dragon Quest".

In Dragon Quest his task was to save the Princess Aurora from the wicked dragon and collect the wicked creature's treasure along the way. He had the help of the second knight who was revealed to be Sebastian. Later on in the game, Sebastian was killed. The game ended with the printer displaying a message asking him not to give up and to try playing "Jailbreak."

In Jail Break, his mission was to escape with the prisoner, and he knew it was Sebastian again. They broke out of jail, ran to the roof as doors shut behind them. The helicopter arrived as they reached the roof. They got into the helicopter. As they took off, Sebastian fell off the helicopter and the game ends. Later on, he plays the game many times but the print out does not come.

Then one day, the printer shows a message telling him that the helicopter was a better choice, try playing "War Zone", Sebastian had also promised not to trouble him again if this did not work out.

He jumped right into the game. He found himself in some kind of a city scarred by battle wounds. He knew he had to save Sebastian. They ran together to an abandoned jeep they found amidst the rubble. They went towards a helicopter as a tank chased them. As soon as it came to their view, Sebastian stopped the car. The jeep went into a spin and Michael leapt into the helicopter. Sebastian does not enter the helicopter at this point. Michael waits and yells at him to come into helicopter but Sebastian does not move. Moments later, the tank collides with the jeep and Sebastian is thrown into the helicopter. They fly into clouds and the game ends, saving him. When he removes his visor he comes to know that he has got the High Score.

The narrator wanted now to cross-check the facts. He got out of the train and surfed the net for some details. He found out what he was looking for. Apparently at the time of the accident, Sebastian was using his lap-top to play one of the psycho-drive games that the narrator had bought.

The narrator realised that Sebastian’s memory had been stored on disk because the computer had saved Sebastian’s memory as its run, when Sebastian had banged his head in the accident. But how did it end up in the narrator’s computer. This was also solved later because the narrator came to know that when Sebastian had been in the hospital, someone had stolen the games and sold them and the narrator had ended up buying them. There was a message from Sebastian that said, “DEAR MICHAEL, THANK YOU. I’M NOT SURE HOW IT HAPPENED. BUT YOU SAVED MY LIFE. LET’S MEET UP SOON, CHEERS. SEB. PL. KEEP THE GAMES. YOU’VE EARNED THEM”.

This was a real and direct message from Sebastian. It was clear that by reliving the accident, something wonderful had happened. But then again, what can someone say about miracles. And what is true or what is virtually true - no one can say with finality. The narrator had undergone an experience that had proved to be virtually true.

Excercise

1. According to the newspaper, what had happened to Sebastian Shultz?

Answer

Sebastian Shultz was badly injured in a car accident. His condition was described by doctors as critical but stable. In spite of doctors’ efforts Sebastian could not regain consciousness. He went into coma.

2. 'Dad's nutty about computers.' What evidence is there to support this statement?

Answer

The narrator’s father was most crazy for computer for he bought a lot of such things at the Computer Fair. He bought a Pentium Processor, a Ram, 1.2 GB hard disk and 16 speed CD ROMs, with speakers, printer, modem and a scanner.

3. In what way did the second game seem very real?

Answer

The second was DRAGON QUEST. The narrator felt that he was really walking in the Dragon’s castle where they were being pursued by the dragon, the narrator felt it was like a real chase and even felt the dragon’s hot breath on his face.

4. The last game has tanks, jeeps, helicopters, guns and headings would you put this and the other games under?

Answer

Warzone can be categorised under simulation games. Wildwest is a strategy game. Dragonquest is a fantasy role-playing game and Jailbreak is an action game.

5. What was Michael's theory about how Sebastian had entered the games?

Answer

According to Michael, Sebastian was probably playing those games when he banged his head in the accident. The computer had saved his memory into its own. Michael bought a lot of games at the fair. Some of them were the stolen ones of Sebastian. When Michael was playing those games, the computer was trying to retrieve Sebastian’s memory.

Ozymandias

By P.B. Shelley

Summary of the Poem

The speaker recalls having met a traveller from an ancient land who told him a story about the ruins of a statue in the desert of his native country. The traveller said that two vast legs of stone stand without a body and near this, a massive crumbling and broken stone-head lies, which is half sunk in the sand. The statue has a bitter and cruel expression of ‘sneer and cold command’ and this indicates that the sculptor had understood the passions of his subject really well. It was obvious that the statue was of a man who sneered with contempt for those who were weaker than himself, yet fed his people because of something in his heart.

On the pedestal near the face, the traveler reads an inscription in which the ruler Ozymandias tells anyone who might happen to pass by, basically, “Look around and see how awesome I am!” But there is no other evidence of his awesomeness in the vicinity of his giant, broken statue. There is just a lot of sand, as far as the eye can see. The traveler ends his story.

5. Answer the following questions briefly.

(a)"The hand that mocked them, and the heart that fed." Whose hand and heart has the poet referred to in this line?

Answer

The hand is the sculptor's hand who made the statue and the heart of the King Ozymandias which fed on the passions of his people.

(b) "My name is Ozymandias, king of kings:" Why does Ozymandias refer to himself as King of Kings? What quality of the king is revealed through this statement.

Answer

Ozymandias is the mighty king who has defeated almost all the kings and their empires around him. He is proud of his glory and power. So, he calls himself ‘King of Kings’. This statement shows that the king must be very proud of his achievements. He is a real snob.

(c) "Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!" Who is Ozymandias referring to when he speaks of ye Mighty? Why should they despair?

Answer

Ozymandias refers to all the other rulers to come after his reign. They should despair, because according to him, they can’t surpass his glory and power.

(d) Bring out the irony in the poem.

Answer

Ozymandias was very powerful ruler. No ruler in that time withstand against him. He was all high and mighty king. But now, his statue is present in broken pieces and has mixed with the dust and sand. Here is irony.

(e) 'Nothing beside remains.' What does the narrator mean when he says these words?

Answer

When the narrator says these words, he emphasises on the fact that human life is time bound. The power and popularity of the ruler descended with the descent of the ruler. Nothing is immortal and immutable in this world.

(f) What is your impression of Ozymandias as a king?

Answer

Ozymandias was a great powerful king as he had defeated almost every king in his empire. His achievements could be seen throughout the empire. But his boastful nature, his arrogance, and his nature of looking down on others make him a weak person.

(g) What message is conveyed through this poem?

Answer

Through this poem a very important message is conveyed that time is all powerful. No king or his power can defeat time. All the achievement, in the end, leads to grave as nothing lives in the world forever. So, the pride and the showcase of power are useless. The greatness of a man is known by his good deeds.

Q)'Ozymandias' and 'Not Marble Nor The Gilded Monuments' are on time. Compare the two sonnet in terms of the way in which time is treated by the poets. Write your answer in about 150 words.

'Ozymandias' and 'Not Marble Nor The Gilded Monuments' are the two sonnets that gives us the importance of time related to human beings.

In the sonnet 'Ozymandias' the king Ozymandias wanted to show all of his power and all his achievements. and wants to be remembered in all the people's heart till the end of posterity. But he was an arrogant king. The expression on the king face is always one of contempt.

So, all the people under the king's rule faced a lot of problems. Then they together broke the statue of Ozymandias as his face was lying on the sand and all the dreams of the king were also shattered.

Whereas in the sonnet 'Not Marble Not The Gilded Monument' the poet highlights the powerful rhymes written by him can overcome the ravages of time. Shakespeare highlights that all the marbles or the monuments built in the memory of great professionals or the statue will destroy one day. Therefore, everything in the world come to an end one day. But the sonnet written by Shakespeare in memory of his friend cannot. The poem can destroy but each and every word written on the paper for his friend is dedicated to him and it will be forever.

"Time And Tide, Waits For None"

The Rime Of Ancient Mariner

By S T Coleridge

Summary of the Poem

Part I

The Rime of the Ancient Mariner begins with one of three wedding guests being approached by the Ancient Mariner and kept from attending the wedding first by the Mariner’s grasp and then by his hypnotic gaze.

The old man starts with narrating how the ship was given a cheerful send off and began sailing till it disappeared below the kirk, below the hill and finally below the lighthouse top.

Since the wedding guest does not seem to be interested in all those introductions about the voyage, he is beating his breast because he can hear the sound of bassoon and also comes to know that the bride had entered the hall.

The old man explains how the sun rose from the left everyday; which means that the ship was going towards south. After a journey of some days, a monstrous storm comes and strikes the ship as if a giant bird had struck with its huge wings.

The ship nevertheless continued to move ahead as if it was trying to chase the shadow of its enemy. The front portion of the ship was dripping with water and its mast was sloping. Finally, the ship was able to escape the storm.

After the storm, the ship had to face mist and snow. It was even more risky because huge icebergs floated from near the ship. Visibility was very poor which made it very difficult to navigate. Then an albatross came from somewhere as if it was sent by the God. The albatross enjoyed the food given by the sailors and whenever a sailor gave a call it came on the ship. No matter how the season was, the albatross came everyday at a fixed time; as if trying to enjoy the life on the ship. But one day, the old sailor shot the albatross with his crossbow.

Part II

After the albatross was killed, the sunshine returned. The poet mentions that the sun was now setting on the left; which means that the ship was on its northward journey. The south wind was blowing and the voyage was more comfortable. But no bird came to the ship to feed on the leftovers.

The old sailor was feeling a sense of guilt for having killed the albatross. Many sailors abused him for killing the bird which was believed to have made the winds blow. But some other sailors felt that it was the albatross which brought the mist and snow and hence it was right to kill the wretched bird.

After that, a lull came and they had to drop down the sail. It was a deathly silence all around. Now the sun looked bloody red at the noon. The ship was as still on the ocean water as a painted ship on a painted ocean. Water was everywhere around them but they did not have a single drop of water to drink.

The waves in the moonlight appeared as if the witch's oils were burning to produce flames of various hues.

Everyone began to curse the old sailor because they believed that it was the killing of the albatross which brought all the misery to them. The old man was feeling sad that instead of a cross, the albatross was hung around his neck.

Poetic Devices

Simile

1. Red as a rose is she.

2. Listens like a 3 year child.

Personification

1. Out of the sea came he. (sun)

2. He was tyrannous and strong. (Storm)

Repetition

1. Below the kirk, below the hill, below the Lighthouse top.

2. The ice was here the ice was there the ice was all around.

Alliteration

1. The fair Breeze blew, the white from flew, the furrow followed free.

2. And It would work 'em woe.

Irony

1. water water everywhere not a drop to drink

Hyperbole

1. With sloping mast and dipping prow, as who pursued with Yell and Blow Still Treads the shadow of his foe.

7. Answer the following questions briefly

(a) How did the ancient mariner stop the wedding guest?

Answer

The ancient mariner held the wedding guest with his skinny hand, and forced him into listening to him, capturing his attention with his glittering eyes. His gaze was so strong and intense, that even though the wedding guest did not want to listen to the story, he was forced to, much against his will.

(b) Was the wedding guest happy to be stopped? Give reasons for your answer.

Answer

No, the wedding guest was not happy because he was forcibly detained by the ancient mariner whereas he being a close relative of the bridegroom, was expected to reach there well in time. The guests had already arrived there. The feast was set. The loud sound of bassoon could be heard.

(c) Describe the ancient mariner.

Answer

The ancient mariner looks like a lunatic with his grey long beard and glittering eyes, His hands were rough and skinny and he had a mesmerising gaze. The mariner was badly ridden with a sense of guilt and remorse after the wanton act of killing the Albatross. He is cursed to be haunted indefinitely by his dead shipmates, and to be compelled to tell the tale of his downfall at random times.

(d) How does the mariner describe the movement of the ship as it sails away from the land?

Answer

The mariner described the movement of the ship as it sailed away from the land in a very animated and interesting way. His description was so realistic that the wedding guest was mesmerised. As the ship moved southward, the weather was pleasant. But soon the weather started changing for the worst. First, a storm broke. It later turned to mist and snow, due to which their ship was stuck in ice.

(e) What kind of weather did the sailors enjoy at the beginning of their journey? How has it been expressed in the poem?

Answer

The weather was pleasant and sunny at the beginning of the journey.

There was a favourable wind blowing .The sun came as if appearing from the sea. The sun was bright day after day during the initial phase of the journey.

(f) How did the sailors reach the land of mist and snow?

Answer

The sailor started their journey happily. But after a very short spell of smooth journey a very turbulent and violent sea-storm rose. The storm was so powerful that it completely overtook the ship and drove the ship to the extreme South. In this way, the sailors reached the land of mist and snow.

(g) How does the mariner express the fact that the ship was completely surrounded by icebergs?

Answer

The words “the ice was here, the ice was there, the ice was all around,” gives us the picture of the ship surrounded, or rather, caught completely by the icebergs.

(h) How do we know that the albatross was not afraid of the humans? Why did the sailors hail it in God’s name?

Answer

Albatross didn't fear humans because it followed the mariners day and night and ate and played with them as well. The sailors hailed it in God’s name because they thought that it was a messenger from God which lifted the fog and mist.

(i) What was the terrible deed done by the Mariner? Why do you think he did it?

Answer

The terrible deed done by the Mariner was that he shot the albatross. I think he did it because he considered its presence to be a bad omen.

11. Answer the following questions briefly

(a) In which direction did the ship start moving? How can you say?

Answer

The ship started moving northwards. This can be said because the line in the poem says: “the sun now rose upon the right.”

(b) Why does the mariner say that 'no sweet bird did follow'?

Answer

The mariner says that no sweet bird did follow with reference to the albatross which followed them a few days back, and now is dead.

(c) How did the other mariners behave towards the Ancient Mariner at first? How many times did they change their mind about the Ancient Mariner? What does this tell us about their character?

Answer

The other mariners rebuked him at first to have killed the albatross. However, they changed their mind immediately after that to praise the ancient mariner who killed the bird which brought in fog and mist. This shows how confused the mariners were, to set up a fixed notion about the ancient sailor.

(d) How did the sailing conditions change after the ship had moved out of the land of mist and snow? What or who did the mariners blame for this change?

Answer

The sailing condition changed for the worst after the ship had moved out of the land of mist and snow. Their ship was stuck in the silent sea. The breeze dropped down, making the sails drop down as well. The ship came to a standstill. The mariners blamed the ancient mariner for this change because he had killed the albatross which brought the breeze.

(e) What is indicated by the line 'The bloody sun, at noon,/Right up above the mast did stand,/No bigger than the moon'?

Answer

This line indicates the excessive heat of the sun, which shone above the mast at noon. The word

‘bloody’ shows how unwelcome the sun was.

(f) How does the mariner describe the fact that they were completely motionless in the middle of the sea?

Answer

The stanza “Day after day, day after day,/We stuck, nor breath nor motion,/As idle as a painted ship/Upon a painted ocean,” portrays a still picture of the sea and the ship.

(g) What is the irony in the ninth stanza? Explain it in your own words.

Answer

The ship was surrounded by the water on all sides. The sailors were in the middle of so much water but they did not have single drop of water to drink. The water of the ocean is salty, and thus inappropriate for the sailors to quench their thirst.

(h) What is the narrator trying to convey through the description of the situation in the tenth and eleventh stanza?

Answer

In these stanzas, the narrator tries to convey the standstill description of the ocean and the ship. Everything rots because of the motionless sea. Animals from deep within the ocean had come out of their places and crawled in the slimy sea.

At night, the 'death-fires' seemed to dance near them. The narrator refers to the sea water as the witch's oil. Just like a witch's oil has many shades and keeps boiling, the sea water also had 'green, blue and white' colours. However, this was due to the different coloured creatures crawling in the sea.

(i) What or who did the mariners feel was responsible for their suffering?

Answer

The mariners feel the absence of the albatross is the reason for their suffering. Thus, they blame the ancient mariner for killing the albatross.

(j) Describe the condition of the mariners as expressed in the thirteenth stanza.

Answer

The mariners were feeling thirsty but they didn't have water to quench their thirst. Their tongue had become completely dry at the root. They couldn't speak because they felt if their throats were chocked with soot.

(k) Why did the mariners hang the albatross around the neck of the Ancient Mariner?

Answer

The mariners hung the albatross around the neck of the Ancient Mariner as a cursed reminder, so that the thought could plague him for the rest of his life.

Snake

By D H Lawrence

Summary of the Poem (Stanzas Explanation)

Study Material and Summary of Snake NCERT Class 10th

Stanza 1 and 2: The poem begins about an encounter with a snake on a hot day when the poet was in his pyjamas and was going to fill his pitcher at the water trough. The water trough was under the shade of a red flowery tree, which let out a strange kind of scent. The poet who had also gone to the trough to fill water in a pitcher waited for the snake to finish, since he had come to the trough earlier than the poet. The poet is very particular regarding protocol, so he believes that he must wait for his turn to take the water.

Stanza 3: The poet stood there watching the snake which slithered down from the crack in the earthen wall and slipped over the edge of the trough of water. The poet describes the snake as having a soft yellow-brown belly. Poet stands there watching the snake as the snake sips the water that is dripping from the trough.

Stanza 4 and 5: The snake relaxed in between and sipping water from the trough which was entering his mouth straight and into its gums. The snake then lifted his head, looked at the poet ‘vaguely’, flickered his two-forked tongue, stopped for a moment and then drank a little more water like the cattle do . The snake was brown like the earth and he had come out from the burning bottom of the earth. It was a very very hot day in Sicily, in the month of July, and Mount Etna, an active volcano, was also sending out fumes, making the day hotter.

Education and social conventions make the poet think that the golden brown snakes were poisonous, so they must be killed. Black snakes were considered harmless but golden brown ones were dangerous. As a brave man, he must undertake the task of killing the snake.

Stanza 6 and 7: The voice in his head provokes him by saying that if he was a man, he would have taken a stick and killed the snake. ‘Finish him off’ is what the voice urged him to do. But the poet confesses that he liked the snake. The poet was glad that the snake paid a visit to his water-trough. The snake went back into the ‘burning bowels of the earth’ without thanking him.

Stanza 8 and 9: The poet questions himself that was it cowardice that kept him from killing the snake? Or was it his obstinacy that urged him to talk to it? The poet contemplates if it was his humility that made him feel so honored. A voice then challenges him that if he was not afraid, he would have killed the snake.

In these lines, the poet confesses that he was truly afraid. He was afraid that he let the dangerous snake to go and feelings of honour that the snake sought the poet’s hospitality.

Stanza 10: The snake drank enough water to his satisfaction and then raised his head dreamily and flickered his tongue. He seemed to lick his lips. He looked around like a God and then slowly proceeded to curve round and move away from the water trough. The snake moved so slowly as if he was dreaming or was asleep and again went back to climb the wall with the crack, from where he had come.

Stanza 11: The snake put his head inside the crack and then easing his shoulders, entered deep inside the hole. The poet disliked the retreat of the snake into the dark and deep horrible hole. A sort of protest rose in the poet’s mind and he became quite agitated, the moment the snake turned his back.

Stanza 12: The poet put down his pitcher, picked up a log and hurled it at the snake. The snake twisted violently and with great agility vanished into the hole in the wall. The tail of the snake which had been left also vanished in great haste like lightning. The snake had entered the crack in the wall. All the poet could do was to stare with fascination at the manner in which the snake had disappeared.

Stanza 13: The poet regrets for his foolish act of trying to kill the snake. For a moment, his emotions were different. He really hated himself for such a mean act and cursed the voice of education that had always taught him to kill snakes, without any reason. The poet thinks of the ‘albatross’ and wishes that the snake would visit him again.

Stanza 14: The poet felt that the snake had behaved in a dignified manner like a king and he was also the king of the under-world. The snake was inside the earth, like a king in exile. Now enough was enough and the poet wished to give due respect to the snake that was befitting of a king.

6. Answer the following questions briefly:

(a) Why does the poet decide to stand and wait till the snake has finished drinking?

What does this tell you about the poet?

(Notice that he uses 'someone' instead of 'something' for the snake.)

Answer

The poet decides to stand and wait till the snake has finished drinking because he was second to come over there. The snake was the first comer. Unless the snake was gone, he couldn’t go to the trough.

(b) In stanza 2 and 3, the poet gives a vivid description of the snake by using suggestive expressions. What picture of the snake do you form on the basis of this description?

Answer

From the above mentioned stanzas, the picture of the snake emerges very beautiful and clear.

The snake is yellow-brown or golden-brown in colour. It weakly trails his soft belly over the edge of the stone trough. It seems tired and thirsty and drank water slowly. Just like a cattle, it raises its head and then drinks some more water. It has a two-forked tongue, which it flickered and mused while drinking.

(c) How does the poet describe the day and the atmosphere when he saw the snake?

Answer

It was a very hot day in Sicily, in the summer month of July. The earth was parched and dry and Mount Etna was sending out fumes, which made the day even more hot. But the water trough was under the scented Carob- tree.

(d) What does the poet want to convey by saying that the snake emerges from the 'burning bowels of the earth'?

Answer

By this the poet wants to convey that there is intense heat inside the hole of the earth as it is burning.

(e) Do you think the snake was conscious of the poet's presence? How do you know?

Answer

No, the snake was not conscious of the poet’s presence. He looked around vaguely but did not notice the poet. If he had been conscious, then the snake would not have mused in between drinking water nor would have taken so much time in drinking water. It would have vanished very quickly.

(f) How do we know that the snake's thirst was satiated? Pick out the expressions that convey this.

Answer

The snake’s thirst was satiated as it looked dreamily after drinking the water. The expressions used to justify the same are: ‘and flickered his two-forked tongue’, ‘mused a moment’, ‘he drank enough’, ‘and lifted his head dreamily.’

(g) The poet has a dual attitude towards the snake. Why does he experience conflicting emotions on seeing the snake?

Answer

The poet is both afraid of the snake and is also fascinated by it. Social education had taught the poet that all snakes are poisonous so they must be struck down, whereas the snake’s dignified manner evokes the poet’s admiration. These dual responses were like two voices that make the poet strike at the snake, much against his wishes.

(h) The poet is filled with horror and protest when the snake prepares to retreat and bury itself in the 'horrid black', 'dreadful' hole. In the light of this statement, bring out the irony of his act of throwing a log at the snake.

Answer

The irony of the situation lies in the fact that the poet likes the snake for its beauty and considered it like a king and a guest, yet he hit the snake with a log. Moreover, though he did not want it to go, his act forces the snake to leave immediately.

(i) The poet seems to be full of admiration and respect for the snake. He almost regards him like a majestic God. Pick out at least four expressions from the poem that reflect these emotions.

Answer

The expressions are: ‘and flickered his two-forked tongue/ from his lips’, ‘and mused a moment’, ‘But must I confess, I liked him’, ‘How glad I was…’, ‘like a guest in quiet’, ‘I stared with fascination’, ‘Like a king in exile.’

(j) What is the difference between the snake's movement at the beginning of the poem and later when the poet strikes it with a log of wood? You may use relevant vocabulary from the poem to highlight the difference.

Answer

The snake’s movement at the beginning is ‘slack’ and relaxed. He takes a lot of time to drink water and sips and enjoys it by licking his lips. After drinking water, he moves as ‘dreamily, as one who is drunk’ and very slowly goes back to the crack in the wall. When the poet throws a log at his tail, he vanishes very quickly, with the speed of lightning, in an undignified manner.

(k) The poet experiences feelings of self-derision, guilt and regret after hitting the snake. Pick out expressions that suggest this. Why does he feel like this?

Answer

The expressions are ‘A sort of horror, a sort of protest’, ‘I thought how paltry, how vulgar, what a mean act!’, ‘I despised myself’, ‘to expiate’, ‘A pettiness’.

The poet feels this way because he feel regret and realizes that he shouldn’t have thrown a log to kill the snake.

(l) You have already read Coleridge's poem The Ancient Mariner in which an albatross is killed by the mariner. Why does the poet make an allusion to the albatross?

Answer

The Ancient Mariner had also killed the albatross for no reason and here also the snake had proved

to be harmless, yet the poet tried to kill it. Later on both the mariner and the poet regret their decision. The Mariner has to make amends by being punished and here also the poet is already thinking of compensating for the crime committed.

(m) 'I have something to expiate'-Explain.

Answer

It means that the poet has something to regret for ever. This is that he shouldn’t have thrown a log to kill the snake.

Julius Caesar

By William Shekespeare

When the play opens, Julius Caesar has just returned to Rome after defeating the sons of Pompey in battle.

Before we go any further, let's pause for a brief Roman history lesson. Pompey (a.k.a. "Pompey the Great") was a member of the "first triumvirate," and he and Caesar used to share power over Rome. Then Caesar and Pompey got into a big fight. Pompey lost. When he tried to run away to Egypt in 48 B.C., he was assassinated. But Caesar still had a problem: Pompey's sons were determined to avenge their father's death and overthrow Caesar. So Caesar tracked down Pompey's sons in Spain and stomped them out at the Battle of Munda in 45 B.C. Now back to the play.

Study Material and Summary of Julius Caesar NCERT Class 10th

As Caesar parades through the streets of Rome like a rock star, the higher-ups in Rome are nervous about his growing power and his popularity with the commoners, who have abandoned their work to celebrate Caesar's triumphant return. Caesar seems headed toward absolute power, which is a big no-no in the Roman Republic.

Meanwhile, the festival of the Lupercal (a big party where people run around in goatskin g-strings in the middle of February) is in full swing. Caesar is chilling at the festival with his entourage when a soothsayer runs up and says "beware the Ides of March" (meaning, "hey, watch your back on March 15"). Caesar looks at the soothsayer and is all "whatever man."

While Caesar parties with his fans, Brutus and Cassius huddle together and talk trash about him. Cassius is all bent out of shape because he thinks Caesar is running around acting like a king. Without coming right out and saying so directly, Cassius (who has been plotting against Caesar with a group of conspirators) suggests that maybe Brutus should lead Rome. Brutus says he gets what Cassius is saying, but he is also good friends with Caesar, so he needs a little time to think about things before he makes any decisions. (Psst. If you read the play closely, there's some evidence that Brutus has already been thinking about getting rid of Caesar, because he confesses that he's been "at war" with himself, meaning something's been bothering him.)

Brutus and Cassius run into Casca, a conspirator, who reports that Antony just offered Caesar the crown three times. Casca is mad, because each time Caesar pretended he didn't want the crown, which made the crowd of plebeians (common folk) love him even more. Not only that, but Caesar acted like a total drama queen and fainted (or pretended to) the third time Antony offered him the crown. This made the "stinking" crowd go nuts.

A month passes, which means we're approaching the "Ides of March." (Cue the ominous music.) Casca and Cicero are running around in a violent thunderstorm and comment on all the crazy stuff that's been happening in Rome lately: a lion was roaming around and a bunch of men in flames were spotted walking around the streets. Cassius, who interprets these omens to mean that Caesar must be taken down, continues to plot against Caesar. He sends someone to plant fake letters from Roman commoners urging Brutus to eliminate Caesar, and attends a meeting that night to plot Caesar's death.

Meanwhile, Brutus has decided to go ahead and kill his friend Caesar because the man might become a complete tyrant if he gains more power. Brutus reasons that, even though he and Caesar are BFFs, killing Caesar is the only way to save the Roman Republic. (Is he right? We don't know for sure, but Shakespeare definitely wants us to think about this.) Brutus finally meets with all the conspirators, and they hatch a plan: they'll arrange to bring Caesar to the Capitol so they can hack him into a million little pieces.

Meanwhile, Caesar has had a rough night, complete with a crying wife (Calphurnia) who wants Caesar to stay at home because she's had a bad dream and fears something awful is about to happen to him. But Caesar ultimately decides to go to the Capitol, because Decius (one of the conspirators!) steps in and says something like, "Oh, hey, when Calphurnia dreamed that you were a statue full of holes and spouting blood, that just meant that you're going to be the greatest leader Rome has ever seen." Caesar is all, "Yeah, I think you're right." Decius promises that Caesar's going to be crowned king that day. Caesar goes skipping off to the Senate. On the way to the Capitol, an old man tries to give Caesar a letter warning him about the assassination plot, but Caesar blows him off.

At the Capitol, Caesar stands around bragging about how awesome he is. Just as he's making a big speech about how he's the brightest star in the sky, Cassius, Brutus, and the other plotters surround him and stab him to death – 33 times, just to be sure. Before falling, Caesar looks up and says "Et tu, Brute?" Translation: "Even you, Brutus? What happened to us beingbest buds forever?"

The conspirators wash their hands in Caesar's blood (hmm...seems like Calphurnia's dream was pretty accurate after all) so they can walk the streets and calmly tell everyone that Rome is free of tyranny. The idea is that they'll seem more convincing about their plans for a new dawn of peace if they're dripping with Caesar's fresh blood. Surprisingly, instead of hailing Brutus and Cassius as saviors, the people of Rome run around declaring that it's Doomsday. The situation is not going according to plan.

Things really go awry when Antony shows up to weep over Caesar's body. While clearly distraught, he promises not to blame the conspirators as long as he's allowed to speak at the funeral in praise of Caesar's virtues. Of course, we hear in an aside that Antony plans mayhem and murder, so we're not surprised when he gets to the funeral pulpit and urges the people of Rome to riot against Julius Caesar's murderers. (An "aside," by the way, is when a character says something to the audience that no other characters on stage can hear.)

Meanwhile, Brutus and Cassius have fled and chaos has ensued. Even politically unimportant folks like poets are being killed on the street. Antony has met up with Lepidus and Caesar's adopted son, Octavius. Together they'll form the new triumvirate to lead Rome and battle against Cassius and Brutus.

Meanwhile, Cassius and Brutus get into a big argument at their first meeting after the funeral. Cassius has been accepting bribes on the side, which compromises their credibility. (Remember, the only reason Brutus agreed to join the conspiracy was that he believed killing Caesar was for the greater good, not for any self-serving reason. At least, that's what Brutus says.) Still, they agree to march and meet the enemy (Antony, Octavius, and Lepidus) at Philippi, despite a visit from Caesar's ghost to Brutus to say he'll be at Philippi too. It's going to be like a family reunion, except this one will mostly end in death. Everyone has steeled himself for this possibility, and Cassius and Brutus implicitly agree to pull a Romeo and Juliet (kill themselves) in case anything goes wrong in the battle.

On the battlefield the two enemy factions exchange some rough words, and Brutus claims he's not a traitor. Fighting ensues, and Cassius and Brutus set up on different parts of the field. Brutus is having some success in overtaking Octavius' army, but Cassius' guys are held fast by Antony's, so they're at a stalemate.

Then Cassius jumps the gun and kills himself over a misunderstanding: he thought his friend Titinius had been overtaken by enemy hordes, when it was really only Brutus' friends trying to hand a crown to Titinius so he could give it to Cassius. Titinius finds Cassius' body and kills himself too, so when Brutus arrives, his buddies are already dead. Then Brutus decides to kill himself. He gets his old friend Strato to hold his sword while he runs at it. As he dies, he says he didn't kill Caesar with half so strong a will as he kills himself now, so we know he dies willingly.

Antony and Octavius know they've won even before they arrive to find Brutus' body. Antony gives a nice speech over the body in his usual style, saying Brutus was the noblest Roman ever and the only one of the conspirators who killed Caesar for Rome's good and not out of envy. Finally, Octavius agrees that Brutus's body can stay in his tent for the night, befitting a dead soldier, and they won't even have to share a bunk, as Octavius and his friends will be out celebrating all the death and victory. The end.

6. Answer the following questions briefly.

(a) How do the heavens 'blaze forth' the death of Julius Caesar?

Answer

Calpurnia sees ill-omens that predict the death of Caesar beforehand. The heavens predict the death princes and great kings. She saw a lioness giving birth on the streets, fierce warriors fighting a bloody fight and blood falling on the Capitol, ghosts shrieking and squealing in the streets, the dead coming out of the grave. All these were unnatural happenings and indicated bad omen. Thus heavens “blaze forth” the death of Julius Caesar. All this signalled that someone as powerful as Caesar was bound to suffer.

(b) What does Calpurnia try to convince Caesar of?

Answer

Calpurnia tries to convince Caesar of an ill-omen that she has seen her nightmares, which does mean a grave danger to Caesar’s life. She tries to convince Caesar not to go out as she fears he nightmares might turn true and Caesar might face danger for his life.

(c) Why does Calpurnia say Caesar's 'wisdom is consumed in confidence'? What does she mean?

Answer

Calpurnia says that Caesar's 'wisdom is consumed in confidence' because Caesar decides to go to the Senate ignoring all the signs which foretell him about danger. Calpurnia felt that Caesar had become overconfident and because of this he couldn’t understand there was a threat to his life. Julius doesn’t act wise and declines the idea of staying back because if he did so, he would be considered a coward.

(d) What does Calpurnia dream about Caesar? How does Decius Brutus interpret the dream?

Answer

Calpurnia dreamt that Caesar’s statue spouted blood from a hundred places and many Roman people came and washed their hands in it. Decius Brutus interprets it as a lucky and fortunate dream. He says that Rome and Romans will get a new life. Great man shall gather around Caesar and stain their handkerchief in his blood. Distinguished men will get honour at his hands and everything relating to him will be held in utmost reverence.

(e) What are the arguments put forward by Decius Brutus to convince Caesar to go to the Capitol?

Answer

Decius Brutus, being a flatterer, interprets Calpurnia's dream as fair and fortunate one. Caesar's statue spouting blood from hundred places signifies his influence and reverence for him. He further says that the Senate has concluded to crown him. In case Caesar doest no go to the Senate House that day, they may change their mind and he may miss such a golden opportunity to be the Roman king.

(f) Why is Decius more successful than Calpurnia in persuading Caesar?

Answer

Decius Brutus is a great flatterer. He is more successful in persuading Caesar than Calpurnia because his argument appeals to Caesar’s pride.While Calpurnia wishes that Caesar stay at home after seeing horrible dreams, Decius Brutus interprets the dreams lucky and fortunate. According to him, they signify Caesar’s power and influence. He gives Caesar’s ego a boost. Caesar is totally carried away by his words and decides to go to the Capitol.

(g) What is the petition put before Caesar by the conspirators? How does Caesar respond to it?

Answer

The conspirators want that Caesar should call Publius Cimber home as he had banished him. They request him to review his earlier decision. However, Caesar is no mood to relent. He tells the conspirators that he is firm like a Pole Star. His heart will not be softened by bowing and stooping activities and if Mettellus Cimber continues such activities, he would turn him away like a street dog.

(h) Who says "Et tu Brute"? When are these words spoken? Why?

Answer

Caesar utters these words which mean, “You too, Brutus”. These are uttered when Brutus stabs Caesar and Caesar is too hurt to see that even his dear friend Brutus could resort to such treachery.

(i) In the moments following Caesar's death what do the conspirators proclaim to justify Caesar's death?

Answer

After Caesar’s death, the conspirators claim that with Caesar’s death tyranny has ended in Rome. They shout slogans like ‘Peace, Liberty, Freedom and Enfranchisement’. They say that although Caesar was a great man, he had become too ambitious.

(j) Seeing the body of Caesar, Antony is overcome by grief. What does he say about Caesar?

Answer

Antony is overwhelmed with grief on seeing Caesar's dead body. He exclaims that inspite of Caesars' conquests, glories, triumphs and spoils, he lies so "low". He offers to be killed and lie by Caesar's side whom he calls the choice and master spirits of this age and "most noble".

(k) Whom does Antony call 'the choice and master spirits of this age"? Why?

Answer

Antony calls the conspirators “the choice and master spirits of this age”. He says this because they had just killed the leader of the Roman Empire.

(l) How do Brutus and Cassius respond to Antony's speech?

Answer

After listening to Antony's speech, Brutus assures him that even though the deed seems bloody, their intentions were worthy. Their pity for the common people of Rome overrode their pity for Caesar. Cassius offers Antony new position in the government.

(m) Why does Cassius object to allowing Antony to speak at Caesar's funeral? How does Brutus overcome this objection?

Answer

Cassius does not think it would be proper Antony should speak at Caesar’s funeral as his speech may change the mind of the audience. But Brutus tells that Antony would only speak with their consent and he will speak first and his speech will enumerate reasons for Caesar’s death.

(n) What are the conditions imposed by the conspirators before allowing Antony to speak at Caesar's funeral?

Answer

The conditions imposed on Mark Antony were that in his funeral speech he would not blame the conspirators, but speak all good things about Caesar. He had to speak from the same pulpit as Brutus and tell the people that he did so by the conspirators’ permission.

(o) When he is left alone with the body of Caesar what does Anthony call Brutus and the others?

Answer

Antony curses the murderers and he seeks forgiveness for being polite to them. He calls them ‘butchers’ who killed the noblest of men.

(p) What prediction does Antony make regarding the future events in Rome?

Answer

Antony prophesies that Italy will be ravaged with civil war, violence and extreme blood shed will leave the earth full of dead bodies. Goddess of revenge will descend on earth with Caesar’s spirit and the stench of dead bodies will fill the earth.

(q) What reasons does Brutus give for murdering Caesar?

Answer

Brutus tells that he killed Caesar because he had become ambitious and wanted to be the king of Rome. He killed Caesar for the betterment of Rome. He was also ready to lay down his life for his country. He honoured Caesar as long as he was heroic but when he became ambitious he killed him.

(r) Who says, "Let him be Caesar"? What light does this throw on the speaker?

Answer

The third citizen says "Let him be Caesar" after Brutus has finished his speech justifying Caesar’s killing. Brutus in his speech proclaims that the public can kill him if he too becomes ambitious like Caesar. He has the same dagger for himself and he is willing to lay down his life for his country. The citizens are fully satisfied. They praise Brutus and show their sympathy for the act.

(s) Why is Antony's speech more effective?

Answer

Antony speech is more effective because it is genuine and full of emotions and feelings for Caesar. He very cleverly tells the crowd that Caesar was not ambitious rather he had refused the crown thrice. He enhanced the glory of Rome with his victories. He left 75 drachmas in his will to be given to every Roman. He left his gardens and property for the common use of the people. He tries to gain the sympathy of the people by showing Caesar’s wounded body. The mob is filled with anger after Antony’s speech and they rush to kill the conspirators.

(t) At the end of the scene what is the fate of Brutus and Cassius?

Answer

After Antony’s speech, the mob is filled with anger. The armies of Octavius Caesar and Antony clash with those of Brutus and Cassius at Philippi and Sardis. Brutus and Cassius are defeated and both commit suicide.

SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER

Summative Assessment – II

CLASS X English – Communicative Maximum marks: 70 Time-3 hours

The question paper is divided into three sections.

Section A: Reading 20 marks

Section B: Writing and Grammar 25 marks

Section C: Literature 25 marks Q

SECTION- A Reading – 20 Marks

1 Read the following passage carefully:

1. Bubble wrap is a flexible transparent plastic material used for packing fragile items. It was invented by two engineers Al Fielding and Swiss inventor Marc Chavannes in Hawthorne, N.J. in 1957. However both of them were not trying to make a product to be used as packaging material. In fact they were trying to create textured wallpaper. They started out by sealing two shower curtains together in such a way that it would capture air bubbles which would make the textured appearance for their wallpaper. But this wallpaper idea didn’t sell too well.

2. Not to be deterred, they then set about finding another use for their product. The alternate use they came up with was to use it as greenhouse insulation. While bubble wrap by itself does create somewhat of an insulating effect, this idea didn’t become popular either.

3. It was three years after the initial creation of Bubble Wrap that Frederick W. Bowers, a marketer at Sealed Air, which makes Bubble Wrap, finally came up with the perfect use for their product. On October the 5, 1959, IBM announced their new 1401 variable word length computer. Bowers got the idea that Bubble Wrap could be used as a good packaging material to protect the computer while it was being shipped. He then pitched the idea to IBM and demonstrated Bubble Wrap’s protective abilities. His demonstration went over well and IBM began purchasing Bubble Wrap to protect their 1401 and other fragile products they sold and shipped.

4. One of the downsides to Bubble Wrap has always been the space it takes up during shipping and storage, for customers who are just buying the Bubble Wrap. In order to get around this problem, one of the dreams of the original inventors was that they’d someday be able to create a Bubble Wrap that customers could self inflate, as needed.

5. While originally being used primarily for packaging for electronics equipment, today the vast majority of Bubble Wrap made is used for food packaging. Because bubble wrap makes a satisfying popping sound when compressed and ruptured, it is often used as a source of amusement.

1.1 Fill in the blanks: 1x8 = 8

(a) Bubble wrap was, at first, thought by the two engineers to be useful to____________.

(b) The engineers were trying to create textured wallpaper by ______________________.

(d) IBM announced their new 1401 variable word length computer on _____________.

(e) IBM purchased Bubble Wrap to __________________.

(f) What was the original use of original use of Bubble Wrap _______________.

(g) The word which means the same as ‘exhibition’ is ___________________ ( para 3).

(h) The word which means the same as ‘cracking’ is ______________________ ( para 5).

2 Read the following passage carefully:

1. Listening is the ability to accurately receive and interpret messages in the communication process.One of the greatest gifts any of us can ever receive is the gift of listening. It is also one of the greatest gifts we can ever give. Unfortunately, it appears to be a lost art. We live in a world where everyone is talking but few are listening. What often passes for listening is simply one person pausing to collect their thoughts for their next soliloquy.

2. Hearing refers to the sounds that you hear, whereas listening requires more than that: it requires focus. Listening means paying attention not only to the story, but how it is told, the use of language and voice, and how the other person uses his or her body. In other words, it means being aware of both verbal and non-verbal messages. Your ability to listen effectively depends on the degree to which you perceive and understand these messages.

3. Listening is a difficult task. Like every skill, the more you do it, the better you get. Listening can be developed through practice, or lost if not used regularly. Good listeners focus on what they are hearing. They pause to think about what they’ve heard before responding. They ask questions because they want to know the answers, not just to keep the conversation going

4. So often, we are distracted with other things. We try to listen while continuing to work on the computer or watch television. To be fully present means we eliminate these distractions and focus exclusively on the other person. It takes great effort to be fully in the moment, leaning forward, with your ears—and heart—open. Words are only part of the communication. Sometimes we need to experience the other person’s feelings to really understand. We need to listen with our heart as well as our mind. We must repeat back what the other person has said. When we do this—and do it accurately—we communicate that we understand. It also gives us an opportunity to re-calibrate our understanding if we have misunderstood something. Plenty of people are good talkers. Few are good listeners. If you develop the latter skill, you will find yourself invited into amazing conversations that wouldn’t otherwise happen.

2.1 Answer the following questions briefly:

(a) What is listening? Why does it appear to be a lost art?

(b) What is the difference between hearing and listening?

(d) How can we ensure good listening?

2.2 Do as directed:

(a) The antonym of ‘interpret’ is:

(i) refer (ii) defer (iii) prefer (iv) infer 2X 4=8 1x4=4

(b) The word ‘soliloquy’ means:

(i) monologue (ii) satisfaction (iii) dialogue (iv) dissatisfaction

(i) eradicate (ii) predicate (iii) dedicate (iv) terminate

(d) The word ‘calibrate’ means:

(i) pretend (ii) amend (iii) suspend (iv) mend

SECTION B Writing and Grammar – 25 Marks

3 Drinking water is becoming a rare commodity. Industrial development is filling our rivers, seas and oceans with toxic pollutants which are a major threat to human health. You are deeply saddened to see water pollution as an appalling problem, which is powerful enough to lead the world on a path of destruction. Write a letter to the Editor of Express News to make the public aware about the causes of water pollution and also suggest the measures to prevent water pollution. (About 100 -120 words) You may use the clues given below:5M

Causes of Water PollutionØ industrial waste· sewage and waste water· mining activities· accidental oil leakage· burning of fossil fuels· urban development· Suggestive measuresØ prevent river water to get polluted· treatment of wastes before discharge· treatment of drainage water· routine cleaning· self hygiene· public Awareness·

Nowhere in the world is found such a beauty, different and diversified climate, flora, fauna, religions, languages, dialects, dressing patterns, life style and rituals, like India. The Indian tourism and hospitality industry has emerged as one of the key drivers of growth among the services sector in India. Using the ideas from the unit ‘Travel and Tourism’ and your own ideas, write an article in about 100-120 words for your school magazine offering suggestions for promoting tourist industry. Give a suitable title. You may use the clues given below:

indirectly generates more employment and helps to raise our economy as foreign moneyØ will flow in development of infrastructure to meet the present and future needs of touristsØ starting overseas offices at different countries to promote India as a tourism destinationØ try to provide best of the services in Air India and in Indian RailØ start different packages for various destinations to attract more touristsØ

4 Write a story in about 150-200 words beginning with the following :

You are sitting with your friends on a log near a stream. One of your friends looks up at the sky and says…… 10M

5 Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks by choosing the most appropriate options from the ones given below. Write the answer in your answer sheet against the correct blanks. Do not copy the whole passage. 1x3=3

Thinking negatively will get negative results because your thoughts create a negative atmosphere which is hospitable (a) ____________ negative results. On the contrary, (b) _____________ thinking positively you can create a positive atmosphere which makes positive results a certainty. To cultivate positive thinking, you should speak hopefully (c)__________ everything.

(a) (i) of (ii) on (iii) to (iv) in

(b) (i) at (ii) by (iii) on (iv) of

6 In the passage given below, one word has been omitted in each line. Write the missing word along with the word that comes before and the word that comes after it in your answer sheet. Ensure that the word that forms your answer is underlined. The first one has been done as an example for you: ½x8=4M

word before missing word after

Patriotism is noble virtue e.g., is a noble

Patriotism means love one’s country. (a) __________ ___________ _________

A person loves his/her country more (b) __________ ___________ _________

than anything else called a patriot. (c) __________ __________ _________

Patriotism inspires a man do everything (d) __________ ___________ _________

just and fair for the well being bettermen (e) __________ ___________ _________

of the country. It is the quality impels a (f) __________ ___________ _________

man to sacrifice own interest, comfort, (g) __________ ___________ _________

pleasure and even his life for the sake his own country. (h) ______ ______ ___

7 Rearrange the following words / phrases to form meaningful sentences: 1x 3=3

1. 12,000 species / all over / there are / of ants / the world / more than

2. or groups / who live in / social insects / they are/ small colonies

3. of millions / ant colonies / of ants / can consist

SECTION C Literature – 25 Marks

8 Read the extract and answer the following questions briefly: 1x3=3M

And I had done a hellish thing,

And it would work’em woe;

For all averred, I had killed the bird

That made the breeze to blow.

(a) What ‘hellish thing’ had ‘I’ done?

(b) What made the other mariners contradict themselves?

O judgement! Thou art fled to brutish beasts,

And men have lost their reason.

Bear with me: My heart is in the coffin there with Caesar,

And I must pause till it come back to me.

(a) Explain: ‘My heart is in the coffin there with Caesar’.

(b) What is the speaker trying to do?

9 Answer any four of the following questions in 30-40 words each: 2x4=8M

(a) How can you say that Michael and his father had a passion for computer games?

(b) Why had Lavinia brought the Ouija Board for John?

(d) How did the poet feel after throwing a log at the snake?

(e) What did Patol Babu remember when he got the proposal to act in film?

10 As an artist, one’s endeavour should be to make the ‘most of one’s opportunity, and squeeze the last drop of meaning out of one’s lines. A play is the combined effort of many that makes it successful. Keeping in mind the advice given to Patol Babu by his mentor, Gogan Prakashi, express your views on the ‘Significance of Labour’ in about 80 -100 words.

Read the following extract:

“ CALPURNIA Caesar, I never stood on ceremonies,

Yet now they fright me. There is one within.

Besides the things that we have heard and seen,

Recounts most horrid sights seen by the watch.

A lioness hath whelped in the streets;

And graves have yawn’d, and yielded up their dead;”

After reading Calpurnia’s speech, you realize that many superstitions are groundless. Write an article on the topic ‘Superstitions and blind beliefs’ in about 80-100 words 4

11 Answer the following question in about 150-200 words:

How did Helen pass her time when she was not reading?

Give a brief character sketch of Helen’s father.

____________-x__________Summative Assessment – II

MARKING SCHEME

CLASS X English – Communicative Maximum marks: 70 Time-3 hours

SECTION- A Reading – 20 Marks

1 (a) To pack a fragile items 1x8 = 8

(b) sealing two shower curtains together in such a way that it would capture air bubbles which would make the textured appearance for their wallpaper

(d) October the 5, 1959

(e) Perfect their and other fragile products they sold and shipped

(f) that customers could self inflate, as needed

(g) demonstration

(h) popping

2 2.1 (a) Listening is the ability to accurately receive and interpret messages in the communication process because we live in a world where everyone is talking but few are listening. 2x4=8

(b) Hearing refers to the sounds that you hear, whereas listening requires more than that: it requires focus. Listening means paying attention not only to the story, but how it is told, the use of language and voice, and how the other person uses his or her body.

(c) Good listeners focus on what they are hearing. They pause to think about what they’ve heard before responding. They ask questions because they want to know the answers, not just to keep the conversation going

(d) We must repeat back what the other person has said. When we do this—and do it accurately—we communicate that we understand. It also gives us an opportunity to re-calibrate our understanding if we have misunderstood something.

2.2 (a) refer (b) dialogue (c) eradicate (d) amend 1x4=4

SECTION B Writing and Grammar – 25 Marks

1. Letter Writing: 5 marks

Format: 1 m

Content: 2 m

Accuracy: 1 m

Spelling and Grammar: 1 m

Article Writing: 5 marks

Format: 1 m

Content: 2 m

Accuracy: 1 m

Spelling and Grammar: 1 m

4.Story Writing :10 marks Title: 1 m Content: 4 m

Accuracy: 3 m

Spelling and Grammar: 2 m 10

5 (a) (iii) to (1m) (b) (ii) by (1m) (c) (iv) about (1m) 1x3=3

6 (a) love for one’s

(b) person who loves

(d) man to do

(e) being and betterment

(f) quality that impels

(g) sacrifice his own

(h) sake of his ½x8=4

7 1.There are more than 12000 species of ants all over the world .

2.They are social insects who live in large colonies or groups.

3. Ant colonies can consist of millions of ants. 1x 3=3

SECTION C Literature - 25 marks

8 (a) ‘I’ had killed the innocent Albatross.

(b) Earlier the sailors had criticized the mariner’s action of killing a helpful bird. Now they appreciated his action as they thought that the bird had brought the fog and mist.

(a) Though Antony may be alive but his heart is in the coffin with dead Caesar.

(b) The speaker is trying to arouse sympathy of the people for Caesar.

9 Any four: 2 X 4=8 marks

Content: 1 m

Expression: 1 m

(a) Michael and his father were fond of computer games. Both of them had spent the entire Saturday afternoon at the Computer Fair buying some computer games as his father could not resist any of the new gadgets and gizmos that came to the market.

(b) Lavinia brought Ouija Board for John because she thought that the board would help her husband to write stories. If John had to write any historical novel then he did not have to look over musty old books in the public library. He could directly communicate to Napoleon or William or Helen of Troy to write short stories which would help him easily to earn his livelihood.

(c) The sculptor wanted to portray that no one can conquer the time even if he is a mighty ruler or some rich person. In spite of being the mightiest ruler, Ozymandias could not change his fate.

(d) The poet felt guilt-ridden and considered this act meanness. He wished that the snake would come back as he has lost the opportunity of knowing and understanding one of the lords of life.

(e) He went back to his back days memories when he used to act on a stage. Earlier in Jntras, in amateur theatricals, in plays put up by the club in his neighbourhood, Patol Babu was always in demand.his name had appeared on handbills on countless occasions. 2x4=8

10 Content: 2 m

Accuracy: 1 m

Expression: 1 m

Value Points: Patol Babu was given a minor role in a filmØ his passion for him drove him to work hardØ sense of doing a job that is worthwhile –even if low paidØ sense of achievement when you meet a targetØ learning new skillsØ sense of belongingØ

Value Points: the inclusion of omens and dreams in Shakespeare's Julius Caesar is of great significanceØ Caesar, of course, ignores all supernatural warnings and signs for fearØ Superstition is the fear of what is unknown and mysteriousØ belief that certain events bring good or bad luck which cannot be explained by reason or scienceØ A person believing in superstitions is always haunted by unknown fears and anxieties. He loseØ self-confidence. Education is one factor that can wipe out superstitions to some extent.Ø A scientific outlook and temper should be cultivated to do away with superstitions.Ø 4

11 Content: 5 m Accuracy: 3 m Expression: 2 m

Value Points:

Helen's amusements, when she is not reading, are not very different from those of other youngØ women loves to be outside and to swimØ enjoys canoeing, especially on moonlit nights, and her favourite pastime is sailingØ speaks of her love for her "tree friends."Ø feels so close to them that she imagines she can hear their sap flow and see the sunshine on theirØ leaves

Value Points: Arthur H Keller has a huge impact on Helen's development, tirelessly looking for methods andØ people to help her a captain in the Confederate Army, has been married before and Helen's mother Kate is muchØ younger than him a loving father who takes great pleasure in pleasing his daughterØ proud of his garden and knows that Helen also loves the gardenØ an accomplished hunter and a gracious host to regular guestsØ

PRACTICE SAMPLE PAPER

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT II

ENGLISH Code No. 101 (COMMUNICATIVE) Class X MM: 70 Time 3 hrs.

Section A Reading – 20 marks

Q1. Read the following passage carefully:

Walter Elias "Walt" Disney was born on December 5, 1901, in Hermosa, Illinois. He lived most of his childhood in Marceline, Missouri, where he began drawing, painting and selling pictures to neighbours and family friends. Disney attended McKinley High School in Chicago, where he took drawing and photography classes and was a contributing cartoonist for the school paper. At night, he took courses at the Chicago Art Institute. When Disney was 16, he dropped out of school to join the army but was rejected for being underage. Instead, he joined the Red Cross and was sent to France for a year to drive an ambulance. When Disney returned from France in 1919, he moved back to Kansas City to pursue a career as a newspaper artist. His brother Roy got him a job at the Pesmen-Rubin Art Studio, where he met cartoonist Ubbe Eert Iwwerks, better known as Ub Iwerks. From there, Disney worked at the Kansas City Film Ad Company, where he made commercials based on cutout animation. Around this time, Disney began experimenting with a camera, doing hand-drawn cel animation, and decided to open his own animation business. From the ad company, he recruited Fred Harman as his first employee. Walt and Harman made a deal with a local Kansas City theater to screen their cartoons, which they called Laugh-O-Grams. The cartoons were hugely popular, and Disney was able to acquire his own studio, upon which he bestowed the same name. Laugh-O-Gram hired a number of employees, including Harman's brother Hugh and Iwerks. They did a series of sevenminute fairy tales that combined both live action and animation, which they called Alice in Cartoonland. By 1923, however, the studio had become burdened with debt, and Disney was forced to declare bankruptcy. Disney and his brother, Roy, soon pooled their money and moved to Hollywood. Iwerks also relocated to California, and there the three began the Disney Brothers' Studio. Their first deal was with New York distributor Margaret Winkler, to distribute their Alice cartoons. They also invented a character called Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, and contracted the shorts at $1,500 each.

1.1 Answer the following questions briefly:

(a) What did Walt Disney learn in his childhood?

(b) Why was Walt not selected in the army?

(d) What did Walt learn at Kansas City Film Ad Company?

(e) Name the first employee of Ad Company.

(f) What deal was made with the Kansas City theatre?

(g)Write briefly about Alice in the Cartoonland.

(h)What was the deal made with Margaret Winkler? 8

Q2 Read the following passage carefully:

1. Maybe you’re bored of bananas, apples and grapes and need a fresh produce pick? A nutrient-rich serving of kiwifruit may be just what you need. A serving of kiwifruit (2 kiwis) has twice the vitamin C of an orange, as much potassium as a banana and the fiber of a bowl of whole grain cereal–all for less than 100 calories!

2. The fuzzy fruit is sky-high in both soluble and insoluble fiber, both of which are essential for promoting heart health, regulating digestion, and lowering cholesterol levels—that’s a winning trifecta. Kiwi fruit has also been considered a “nutritional all-star,” as Rutgers University researchers found that kiwifruit has the best nutrient density of 21 commonly consumed fruits.

3. Along with vitamin C, kiwi fruit are rich in many bioactive compounds that have antioxidant capacity to help to protect against free radicals, harmful by-products produced in the body. If you want clean energy, think of kiwifruit because they’re rich in magnesium, a nutrient essential to convert food into energy.

4. A kiwi fruit also doubles as a peeper-keeper by supplying your eyes with protective lutein, a carotenoid that’s concentrated in eye tissues and helps protect against harmful free radicals. Kiwifruit is also packed with blood pressure-lowering potassium. In fact, a 100- gram serving of kiwifruit—that’s about one large kiwi—provides 15% of the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) of potassium.

5. Kiwi fruit has been growing in New Zealand for over 100 years. Once the fruit gained in popularity, other countries started to grow them including Italy, France, Chile, Japan, South Korea and Spain. At first, kiwis were referred to as ‘Yang Tao’ or ‘Chinese Gooseberry,’ but the name was ultimately changed to kiwifruit so that everyone would know where the fruit came from.

6. A ripe kiwi fruit will be plump and smooth-skinned, and free of wrinkles, bruise, and punctures. If you find that your kiwi is a little too firm after buying it, simply let it ripen at room temperature for three to five days. The firmer the fruit, the more tart it will taste. To speed up the ripening process, you can also place kiwis in a paper bag with an apple or banana. If you want to store the fruit longer, you should keep in a plastic bag in the refrigerator.

2.1Answer the following questions briefly: 2 X 4 = 8

(a) What does a serving of kiwi offer?

(b) Why has kiwi been considered a “nutritional all-star”?

(c)How is kiwi fruit helpful for the eyes?

(d) How can you make a kiwi fruit ripen?

2.2 Do as directed: 1 X4 = 4

(a) The word ‘compound’ means: (i)calcium (ii)mixture (iii)texture (iv)vitamin

(b) The word ‘concentrated’ means’: (i) strong (ii) liquid (iii) large (iv) replace

(d) The word ‘tart’ means: (i) sweet (ii) salty (iii) bitter (iv) nutty

Section B Writing & Grammar – 25 Marks

Q3. Tourism being one of the biggest and fastest growing industries globally, affects the economic, socio-cultural, environmental and educational resources of nations. Improving tourism industry in India would thus lead to national development in many spheres. As Ankit/ Ankita, write a letter to the Editor of The Times of India expressing your views on the same. You may like to take ideas from the unit- Travel and Tourism besides your own ideas. (about 100 -120 words )

Disposal of electronic goods , commonly termed as e-waste, in landfills lead to toxic substances such as lead, mercury etc. contaminating the land , air and water. Its high time that countries take. A stock of the situation and protect the environment. Write an article discussing the same. Also, suggest some solutions. You are Neha / Nitin from XYZ School. You may use ideas from the unit- Environment besides your own ideas ( 100- 120 words )

Q4. Write a short story on the basis of the hints provided in about 150- 200 words: Enjoyed going for long walks– visit to Dehradun—huge forest - taking shortcut through the woods, a tree toppled pinning me underneath. Then…… Begin the story with: I have always enjoyed taking long walks among the forests………..

loved reading about life on other planets----One day --walking in the school. Suddenly heard a noise-----strange man, no creature –an alien saying something---- then more came---abducted me……. Begin the story with: I loved reading about life on other planets……… 10

Q5. Complete the following passage by filling in one or two words each:

Most of us fail in our efforts (a) __________self improvement because our schemes are too ambitious and we never have time (b) ________ carry them out. We also make the fundamental error of announcing our resolution to everybody so that we look even more foolish when we slip back (c) __________ our bad old ways. Aware of these pitfalls, this year I attempted (d) _________ keep my resolution to myself. I limited myself to two modest ambitions, to do physical exercise every morning and to read more (e) ________ the evening. An overnight party on New year’s eve provided me with a good excuse (f) _________ not carrying out either of these new resolutions on the first day of the year, but on the second, I applied myself assiduously to the task. 3

Q 6. In the passage given below, one word has been omitted in each line. Write the missing word along with the word that comes before and the word that comes after it in your answer sheet. Ensure that the word that forms your answer is underlined. The first one has been done as an example for you:

Before Missing After

Most people travel as part of their e.g. as a part

daily routine because it enjoyable. (a) _______ _______ _______

There are lots places to explore in (b) _______ _______ _______

the world. Travelling worth every (c) _______ _______ _______

penny you spend memories last forever (d) _______ _______ _______

When travelling, one the opportunity (e) _______ _______ _______

to meet different people from different (f) _______ _______ _______

places. One the most important social (g) _______ _______ _______

skills that we learn is how interact and (h) _______ _______ _______

communicate with different people. 4

Q 7. Rearrange the following words / phrases to form meaningful sentences:

1. is its / remarkable feature / preciousness / the most / of time

2. opportunities /of golden / every moment / thousands / brings with it

3. slip away / not allow / we must / time to / such precious 3

Section – C Literature – 25 Marks

Q8. Read the extract and answer the following questions briefly:

And these does she apply for warnings, and portents, And evils imminent;

and on her knee Hath begg’d that I will stay at home to-day.

(a) Which word in the above passage means ‘forthcoming’?

(b) Who speaks these lines and to whom?

And wrinkled lip, and sneer of cold command,

Tell that its sculptor well those passions read

Which yet survive, stamped on these lifeless things,

The hand that mocked them, and the heart that fed;

(a )What do wrinkled lip and sneer of cold command tell?

(b) whose hand mocked them ?

Q 9. Answer any four of the following questions in about 30-40 words:

(a) Who was Gogon Pakrashi? What did he preach Patol Babu?

(b) What prophecy does Antony make by the side of Caesar’s body?

(d) Why do you think Patol Babu went away without taking any payment for his role?

(e) What message is conveyed through the poem Ozymandias ? 8

Q 10. Answer any one of the following questions in about 80-100 words.

The voices of education inside the poet D.H.Lawrence tell him that it was the fear for the snake that made him refrain from killing him. However, the poet feels that though he was quite afraid of the snake, he did actually feel honoured that a snake had come to seek his hospitality from the deep recesses of the earth. The poet uses repetition to emphasize the fact that the snake may not be as harmful as humans believe. How does the poet demonstrate respect for other creatures also? (about 80-100 words)

“You’d never guess in the world. It’s the duckiest, darlingest’ Ouija board and so cheap! I got it at a bargain sale. Why, what’s the matter, John?” After reading these lines you feel that people are crazy for novel and unusual things. Express your opinion in about 80-100 words on the intrinsic value of fads (fashion) in life. 4

Q11 Miss Sullivan played a very important part in Helen’s life. Discuss with reference to the novel.

Getting admission into college wasn’t easy for Helen. Moreover, she encountered a lot of problems while studying there. Bring out her problems.

_________X___________

LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE

Tuesday, 31 January 2017

Term 2 Study Material

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